(いん) (n) (1) cause; factor; (2) {Buddh} (See 縁・えん・5) hetu (direct cause, esp. as opposed to indirect conditions); (3) (See 因明) the basis of one's argument (in hetuvidya); (P) [EDICT]
(de, ㄉㄜ˙) of; structural particle: used before a noun, linking it to preceding possessive or descriptive attributive [CE-DICT]
(dí, ㄉㄧˊ) really and truly [CE-DICT]
(dì, ㄉㄧˋ) aim; clear [CE-DICT]
书
(shū, ㄕㄨ) book; letter; same as 書經|书经 Book of History [CE-DICT]
上
(かみ) ยอด, ส่วนบน, ข้างบน [LongdoJP]
(うえ) (n,adj-no,n-adv,n-suf) (1) above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter); (2) top; summit; (3) surface; on; (4) before; previous; (5) superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder); (6) on top of that; besides; what's more; (7) upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after); (8) matters concerning...; as concerns ...; (9) (as ...上は) since (i.e. "for that reason"); (n-suf) (10) (hon) (See 父上) suffix indicating higher social standing; (11) (arch) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne); (12) (arch) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo; (13) (arch) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman); (P) [EDICT]
(うわ) (n,pref) upper; upward; outer; surface; top [EDICT]
(かみ) (n) (1) (ant [EDICT]
(じょう) (n-suf) (1) from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); in the field of; being of the type of; (2) aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; on; above; (n) (3) (See 下・げ・2) first volume (e.g. book); (n,pref) (4) superior quality; best; top; high class; (5) going up; (6) governmental; imperial; (7) presenting; showing; (pref) (8) ana- (medical, biol.); (P) [EDICT]
(shàng, ㄕㄤˋ) on; on top; upon; first (of two parts); previous or last (week etc); upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; above; to go up; to attend (class or university); third tone of putonghua [CE-DICT]
而
(ér, ㄦˊ) and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast) [CE-DICT]
