| 因 | - (いん) (n) (1) cause; factor; (2) {Buddh} (See 縁・えん・5) hetu (direct cause, esp. as opposed to indirect conditions); (3) (See 因明) the basis of one's argument (in hetuvidya); (P) [EDICT]
- (よすが;よすか(ok)) (n) (1) something to rely on; aid; clue; way; means; (2) someone to rely on; relative; (3) reminder; memento [EDICT]
- (yīn, ㄧㄣ) cause; reason; because [CE-DICT]
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| 此 | - (cǐ, ㄘˇ) this; these [CE-DICT]
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| 实 | - (shí, ㄕˊ) real; true; honest; really; solid; fruit; seed [CE-DICT]
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| 际 | - (jì, ㄐㄧˋ) border; edge; boundary; between; among; interval; while [CE-DICT]
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| 上 | - (かみ) ยอด, ส่วนบน, ข้างบน [LongdoJP]
- (うえ) (n,adj-no,n-adv,n-suf) (1) above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter); (2) top; summit; (3) surface; on; (4) before; previous; (5) superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder); (6) on top of that; besides; what's more; (7) upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after); (8) matters concerning...; as concerns ...; (9) (as ...上は) since (i.e. "for that reason"); (n-suf) (10) (hon) (See 父上) suffix indicating higher social standing; (11) (arch) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne); (12) (arch) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo; (13) (arch) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman); (P) [EDICT]
- (うわ) (n,pref) upper; upward; outer; surface; top [EDICT]
- (かみ) (n) (1) (ant [EDICT]
- (じょう) (n-suf) (1) from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); in the field of; being of the type of; (2) aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; on; above; (n) (3) (See 下・げ・2) first volume (e.g. book); (n,pref) (4) superior quality; best; top; high class; (5) going up; (6) governmental; imperial; (7) presenting; showing; (pref) (8) ana- (medical, biol.); (P) [EDICT]
- (shàng, ㄕㄤˋ) on; on top; upon; first (of two parts); previous or last (week etc); upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; above; to go up; to attend (class or university); third tone of putonghua [CE-DICT]
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| 怀 | - (huái, ㄏㄨㄞˊ) to think of; to cherish; mind; heart; bosom; surname Huai [CE-DICT]
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| 俄 | - (にわか) (adj-na,n) sudden; abrupt; unexpected; improvised; offhand; (P) [EDICT]
- (é, ㄜˊ) suddenly; very soon; Russian [CE-DICT]
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| 明 | - (みょう) (n) (1) {Buddh} vidya (wisdom); (2) (See 真言) mantra; (pref) (3) the coming (4th of July, etc.) [EDICT]
- (みん) (n) Ming (dynasty of China, 1368-1644) [EDICT]
- (めい) (n) (1) brightness; (2) clarity; acumen; (3) power of vision [EDICT]
- (さや) (adv) (1) (arch) clearly; brightly; (2) cleanly; purely [EDICT]
- (míng, ㄇㄧㄥˊ) clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty (1368-1644); surname Ming [CE-DICT]
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| 州 | - (しゅう) มลรัฐ [LongdoJP]
- (しゅう) (n) (1) state; province; county (UK); department (of ancient China); (2) continent; (suf) (3) (arch) (after someone's name) dear; (P) [EDICT]
- (す) (n) sandbank; sandbar [EDICT]
- (zhōu, ㄓㄡ) (United States) state; province; sub-prefecture [CE-DICT]
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