| 这 | - (zhè, ㄓㄜˋ) this; these; (commonly pronounced zhei4 before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) [CE-DICT]
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| 是 | - (これ) (pn) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1,其れ・1,彼・あれ・1) this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic); (2) (hum) this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group); (3) now; (4) (arch) here; (5) (arch) I (me); (6) (arch) certainly; (P) [EDICT]
- (ぜ) (n) righteousness; justice; right [EDICT]
- (shì, ㄕˋ) is; are; am; yes; to be [CE-DICT]
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| 个 | - (か;カ) (ctr) counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); a noun read using its on-yomi [EDICT]
- (gè, ㄍㄜˋ) individual; this; that; size; classifier for people or objects in general [CE-DICT]
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| 严 | - (yán, ㄧㄢˊ) (air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe; surname Yan [CE-DICT]
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| 格 | - (かく) (n,n-suf) status; character; case; (P) [EDICT]
- (きゃく) (n) (arch) (See 律令) amendment (of the ritsuryo) [EDICT]
- (gé, ㄍㄜˊ) square; frame; rule; (legal) case; style; character; standard; pattern; (classical) to obstruct; to hinder; (classical) to arrive; to come; (classical) to investigate; to study exhaustively [CE-DICT]
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| 由 | - (よし) (n) reason; significance; cause; (P) [EDICT]
- (yóu, ㄧㄡˊ) to follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; to; to leave it (to sb); by (introduces passive verb) [CE-DICT]
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| 通 | - (つう) (adj-na,n) (1) connoisseur; authority; (ctr) (2) counter for letters, notes, documents, etc.; (P) [EDICT]
- (tōng, ㄊㄨㄥ) to go through; to know well; to connect; to communicate; open [CE-DICT]
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| 商 | - (しょう) (n,n-suf) (1) {math} (See 積・1) quotient; (2) dealing; dealer; store; (3) (See 五音) second degree (of the Japanese & Chinese pentatonic scale); (4) (See 殷) Shang (dynasty of China); (P) [EDICT]
- (shāng, ㄕㄤ) commerce; to consult; quotient [CE-DICT]
- (Shāng, ㄕㄤ) the Shang dynasty, 16th to 11th century BC [CE-DICT]
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