| 因 | - (いん) (n) (1) cause; factor; (2) {Buddh} (See 縁・えん・5) hetu (direct cause, esp. as opposed to indirect conditions); (3) (See 因明) the basis of one's argument (in hetuvidya); (P) [EDICT]
- (よすが;よすか(ok)) (n) (1) something to rely on; aid; clue; way; means; (2) someone to rely on; relative; (3) reminder; memento [EDICT]
- (yīn, ㄧㄣ) cause; reason; because [CE-DICT]
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| 为 | - (wéi, ㄨㄟˊ) as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do [CE-DICT]
- (wèi, ㄨㄟˋ) because of; for; to [CE-DICT]
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| 而 | - (ér, ㄦˊ) and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast) [CE-DICT]
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| 这 | - (zhè, ㄓㄜˋ) this; these; (commonly pronounced zhei4 before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) [CE-DICT]
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| 也 | - (なり) (aux-v) (1) (uk) (arch) (meaning 〜だ、〜である) to be (an affirmation); (2) (uk) (arch) (meaning 〜にある、〜にいる. Usu. なる) (See なる・1) to be (location); (n,suf) (3) (usu. 也) sum of money (used to express an exact sum on a receipt, envelope, certificate, etc.) [EDICT]
- (yě, ㄧㄝˇ) also; too; (in classical Chinese) final particle serving as copula [CE-DICT]
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| 成 | - (chéng, ㄔㄥˊ) finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth; surname Cheng [CE-DICT]
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| 了 | - (りょう) (n) finish; completion; understanding; (P) [EDICT]
- (le, ㄌㄜ˙) (modal particle intensifying preceding clause); (completed action marker) [CE-DICT]
- (liǎo, ㄌㄧㄠˇ) to know; to understand [CE-DICT]
- (liǎo, ㄌㄧㄠˇ) clear [CE-DICT]
- (liào, ㄌㄧㄠˋ) look afar from a high place [CE-DICT]
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| 它 | - (tā, ㄊㄚ) it (used for things) [CE-DICT]
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| 们 | - (men, ㄇㄣ˙) plural marker for pronouns and a small number of animate nouns [CE-DICT]
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