| の | - () (prt) endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle); lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) although; when; and yet; despite this; in spite of; even though; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless; for all that; notwithstanding that; (2) while; (3) if only; I wish; (4) I tell you; you should do; (5) in order to; (P) [EDICT]
- () (suf,prt) (literary equiv. of だけ) only; nothing but; (P) [EDICT]
- () (n) (See スラグ) slag [EDICT]
- (乃) (prt) (1) (uk) (occasionally ん) indicates possessive; (2) verb and adjective nominalizer (nominaliser); (3) substituting for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (4) (often ん) indicates a confident conclusion; (5) emotional emphasis (sentence end) (fem); (6) indicates question (sentence end); (P) [EDICT]
- (之) (prt) (arch) possessive (used on tombs, etc.) [EDICT]
- (幅) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT]
- (布) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT]
- (箆) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT]
- (篦) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT]
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| 研究 | - (けんきゅう) วิจัย [LongdoJP]
- (けんきゅう) (n,vs) study; research; investigation; (P) [EDICT]
- (yán jiū, ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ) research [CE-DICT]
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| で | - () (aux) (abbr) (arch) (See である) to be [EDICT]
- () (n) (sl) detective [EDICT]
- () (aux) (pol) (See だ・1) polite copula in Japanese; (P) [EDICT]
- () (conj,int) (See それでは) then; well; so; well then; (P) [EDICT]
- () (conj) (1) but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; (prt) (2) even; (3) however; no matter how; even if; even though; (4) ... or something; (5) (as 〜でも〜でも) either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...; (pref) (6) (before an occupation, etc.) pseudo-; quack; in-name-only; (7) (before an occupation, etc.) (See でもしか) for lack of anything better to do; (P) [EDICT]
- (出) (n,n-suf) (1) coming out; going out; outflow; efflux; rising (of the sun or moon); (2) attending (work); appearing (on stage); one's turn to go on; (3) start; beginning; (4) origins; background; person (or item) originating from ...; graduate of ...; native of ...; member of ... (lineage); (5) architectural member that projects outward; (6) highest point of the stern of a ship; (7) (uk) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb as 〜出がある or 〜出がない, etc.) amount (comprising something); amount of time or effort required to do something; (P) [EDICT]
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| は | - (葉) ใบไม้ [LongdoJP]
- () (int) (1) (pol) yes; (2) OK (used to get attention prior to an utterance); okay; (3) giddy-up; giddap; (P) [EDICT]
- () (v5r,aux-v,suf) (hon) (ksb [EDICT]
- () (suf) (ksb [EDICT]
- (歯) (n) tooth; (P) [EDICT]
- (刃) (n) edge (of a knife or sword); (P) [EDICT]
- (派) (n,n-suf) clique; faction; school; (P) [EDICT]
- (破) (n) (See 序破急) (in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song [EDICT]
- (葉) (n) leaf; (P) [EDICT]
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| 受動 | - (じゅどう) (n,adj-no) passive; (P) [EDICT]
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| 喫煙 | - (きつえん) (n,vs) (See 禁煙・1) smoking; (P) [EDICT]
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| が | - () (prt) (positive sentence end) I dare say; (negative sentence end) though, honestly [EDICT]
- () (suf,v5r) (1) to feel (on adj-stem to represent a third party's apparent emotion); (2) to behave as if one were [EDICT]
- () (n) scree [EDICT]
- () (adv-to) (1) (on-mim) thump; thud (dull sound representing something being hit); (2) severe; difficult; hard [EDICT]
- (我) (n) (1) {Buddh} obstinacy; (2) atman; the self; the ego [EDICT]
- (画) (n) picture; drawing; painting; sketch [EDICT]
- (蛾) (n) moth [EDICT]
- (賀) (n) (See 賀の祝) congratulation [EDICT]
- (雅) (n,adj-na) (1) (ant [EDICT]
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| 非常 | - (ひじょう) (n,adj-na,adj-no) (1) emergency; (adj-na,adj-no) (2) extraordinary; unusual; (P) [EDICT]
- (fēi cháng, ㄈㄟ ㄔㄤˊ) unusual; extraordinary; extreme; very; exceptional [CE-DICT]
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| に | - (二) สอง [LongdoJP]
- () (prt) indicates location of action (formal literary form of "de"); at; in; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (See に,は) for (in regard to); in order to [EDICT]
- () (exp) also; too; not ... either; as well; even [EDICT]
- () (exp) (1) (also にゃあ) (See ねば) if not ... (negative conditional); (2) (See には) for (in regard to); in order to [EDICT]
- (荷) (n) (1) load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods; (2) burden; responsibility; (P) [EDICT]
- (似) (suf) takes after (his mother) [EDICT]
- (丹) (n) red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion; (P) [EDICT]
- (土) (n) (arch) soil (esp. reddish soil) [EDICT]
- (尼) (n,n-suf) (abbr) (See 比丘尼) bhikkhuni (fully ordained Buddhist nun) [EDICT]
- (弐) (num) two (used in legal documents) [EDICT]
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| 有害 | - (ゆうがい) (adj-na,n) harmfulness; (P) [EDICT]
- (yǒu hài, ㄧㄡˇ ㄏㄞˋ) destructive; harmful; damaging [CE-DICT]
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| だ | - () (prt) (1) (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs) -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); (2) (used adverbially) doing such things as...; (3) (as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb) expresses a command; (aux-v) (4) (たり only) (arch) (from とあり) (See たる) (after a noun) to be; (5) (たり only) (arch) (from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb) indicates completion or continuation of an action; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) (fam) marks wh-question (what, where, who); (2) (chn) strengthens one's judgment or conclusion; (P) [EDICT]
- () (exp) if it's the case; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) even [EDICT]
- () (suf,prt) and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not; (P) [EDICT]
- () (exp) (1) (See でしょう) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder; I hope; (2) don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; (P) [EDICT]
- () (n) (col) (abbr) (See 友達) friend [EDICT]
- () (n) undercut (of a machined edge) [EDICT]
- (駄) (pref) (1) (See 駄文・1) poor; low-grade; trivial; insignificant; worthless; (n-suf,ctr) (2) (See 一駄) load; pack; horse load; (n) (3) packhorse [EDICT]
- (兌) (n) dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching [EDICT]
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| ある | - (或) (adj-pn) (uk) a certain ...; some ...; (P) [EDICT]
- (或る) (adj-pn) (uk) a certain ...; some ...; (P) [EDICT]
- (在る) (v5r-i,vi) (1) (uk) (See 居る・いる・1) to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to exist; to live; (2) to have; (3) to be located; (4) to be equipped with; (5) to happen; to come about; (P) [EDICT]
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| こと | - () (adv-to) (on-mim) clunk; thump [EDICT]
- (古都) (n) ancient city; former capital; (P) [EDICT]
- (糊塗) (n,vs) covering up; glossing over [EDICT]
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| 明確 | - (めいかく) (adj-na) clear; precise; definite; distinct; (P) [EDICT]
- (míng què, ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄑㄩㄝˋ) clear-cut; definite; make clear; clear [CE-DICT]
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| 示す | - (しめす) (v5s,vt) to denote; to show; to point out; to indicate; to exemplify; (P) [EDICT]
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| れる | - () (aux-v,v, ) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形,迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions [EDICT]
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| て | - () (conj) (col) (See と言うか) or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean [EDICT]
- () (prt) a sort of thing like; used after a phrase to modify the following noun [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) (also でも, っても) even if; even though; (int) (2) (abbr) (See さても) wow [EDICT]
- (手) (n) (1) (occ. pronounced た when a prefix) (See お手・おて・1) hand; arm; (2) (col) (See お手・おて・3) forepaw; foreleg; (3) handle; (4) hand; worker; help; (5) trouble; care; effort; (6) means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship; (7) hand; handwriting; (8) kind; type; sort; (9) (See 手に入る) one's hands; one's possession; (10) (See 手に余る) ability to cope; (11) hand (of cards); (12) (See 山の手・1) direction; (P) [EDICT]
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| いる | - (居る) (v1,vi) (1) (uk) (See 在る・1) to be (of animate objects); to exist; (2) to stay; (v1,aux-v) (3) (the い is sometimes dropped) (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing); (P) [EDICT]
- (射る) (v1,vt) to shoot; (P) [EDICT]
- (煎る) (v5r,vt) to parch; to fry; to fire; to broil; to roast; to boil down (in oil) [EDICT]
- (炒る) (v5r,vt) to parch; to fry; to fire; to broil; to roast; to boil down (in oil) [EDICT]
- (熬る) (v5r,vt) to parch; to fry; to fire; to broil; to roast; to boil down (in oil) [EDICT]
- (鋳る) (v1,vt) to cast; to mint; to coin; (P) [EDICT]
- (入る) (v5r,vi) (See 気に入る) to get in; to go in; to come in; to flow into; to set; to set in; (P) [EDICT]
- (要る) (v5r,vi) to need; (P) [EDICT]
- (沒る) (v5r) (poet) (See 入る・いる) to set beyond the Western horizon (i.e. the sun) [EDICT]
- (没る) (v5r) (poet) (See 入る・いる) to set beyond the Western horizon (i.e. the sun) [EDICT]
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