| 这 | - (zhè, ㄓㄜˋ) this; these; (commonly pronounced zhei4 before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) [CE-DICT]
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| 些 | - (いさら;いささ) (pref) (uk) (arch) (いさら usu. refers to water) small; little [EDICT]
- (xiē, ㄒㄧㄝ) some; few; several; (a measure word) [CE-DICT]
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| 因 | - (いん) (n) (1) cause; factor; (2) {Buddh} (See 縁・えん・5) hetu (direct cause, esp. as opposed to indirect conditions); (3) (See 因明) the basis of one's argument (in hetuvidya); (P) [EDICT]
- (よすが;よすか(ok)) (n) (1) something to rely on; aid; clue; way; means; (2) someone to rely on; relative; (3) reminder; memento [EDICT]
- (yīn, ㄧㄣ) cause; reason; because [CE-DICT]
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| 为 | - (wéi, ㄨㄟˊ) as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do [CE-DICT]
- (wèi, ㄨㄟˋ) because of; for; to [CE-DICT]
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| 除 | - (chú, ㄔㄨˊ) to get rid of; to remove; to exclude; to eliminate; to wipe out; to divide; except; not including [CE-DICT]
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| 了 | - (りょう) (n) finish; completion; understanding; (P) [EDICT]
- (le, ㄌㄜ˙) (modal particle intensifying preceding clause); (completed action marker) [CE-DICT]
- (liǎo, ㄌㄧㄠˇ) to know; to understand [CE-DICT]
- (liǎo, ㄌㄧㄠˇ) clear [CE-DICT]
- (liào, ㄌㄧㄠˋ) look afar from a high place [CE-DICT]
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| 那 | - (nǎ, ㄋㄚˇ) variant of 哪; how; which [CE-DICT]
- (nà, ㄋㄚˋ) that; those; commonly pr. nei4 before a classifier, esp. in Beijing [CE-DICT]
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| 就 | - (jiù, ㄐㄧㄡˋ) at once; right away; only; just (emphasis); as early as; already; as soon as; right away; then; in that case; as many as; even if; to approach; to move towards; to undertake; to engage in; to suffer; subjected to; to accomplish; to take advantage of; to g [CE-DICT]
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| 是 | - (これ) (pn) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1,其れ・1,彼・あれ・1) this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic); (2) (hum) this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group); (3) now; (4) (arch) here; (5) (arch) I (me); (6) (arch) certainly; (P) [EDICT]
- (ぜ) (n) righteousness; justice; right [EDICT]
- (shì, ㄕˋ) is; are; am; yes; to be [CE-DICT]
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| 退 | - (tuì, ㄊㄨㄟˋ) retreat; to decline; to move back; to withdraw [CE-DICT]
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| 掉 | - (diào, ㄉㄧㄠˋ) to drop; to fall [CE-DICT]
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