| 由 | - (よし) (n) reason; significance; cause; (P) [EDICT]
- (yóu, ㄧㄡˊ) to follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; to; to leave it (to sb); by (introduces passive verb) [CE-DICT]
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| 于 | - (Yú, ㄩˊ) surname Yu [CE-DICT]
- (yú, ㄩˊ) in; at; to; from; by; than; out of [CE-DICT]
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| 随 | - (suí, ㄙㄨㄟˊ) to follow; to comply with; varying according to...; to allow; surname Sui [CE-DICT]
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| 而 | - (ér, ㄦˊ) and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast) [CE-DICT]
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| 然 | - (さ) (adv) (arch) so; like that; in that way [EDICT]
- (ぜん) (suf) (often as 〜然とする) -like [EDICT]
- (しか) (int) (1) (arch) like that; as such; (2) yeah; uh-huh [EDICT]
- (rán, ㄖㄢˊ) correct; right; so; thus; like this; -ly [CE-DICT]
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| 没 | - (ぼつ) (n,n-suf) (1) discard; (n) (2) death; (3) (没 only) (abbr) rejection (of a manuscript, etc.); (n-pref) (4) (没 only) lacking; without; (P) [EDICT]
- (méi, ㄇㄟˊ) (negative prefix for verbs); have not; not [CE-DICT]
- (mò, ㄇㄛˋ) drowned; to end; to die; to inundate [CE-DICT]
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| 有 | - (う) (n) {Buddh} bhava (becoming, existence) [EDICT]
- (ゆう) (n) (1) existence; (n,n-pref) (2) possession; having; (3) (abbr) (See 有限会社) limited company; (P) [EDICT]
- (yǒu, ㄧㄡˇ) to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be [CE-DICT]
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| 以 | - (yǐ, ㄧˇ) to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; abbr. for Israel [CE-DICT]
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| 竞 | - (jìng, ㄐㄧㄥˋ) to compete; to contend; to struggle [CE-DICT]
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| 争 | - (zhēng, ㄓㄥ) struggle; fight [CE-DICT]
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| 总 | - (zǒng, ㄗㄨㄥˇ) always; to assemble; gather; total; overall; head; chief; general; in every case [CE-DICT]
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| 是 | - (これ) (pn) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1,其れ・1,彼・あれ・1) this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic); (2) (hum) this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group); (3) now; (4) (arch) here; (5) (arch) I (me); (6) (arch) certainly; (P) [EDICT]
- (ぜ) (n) righteousness; justice; right [EDICT]
- (shì, ㄕˋ) is; are; am; yes; to be [CE-DICT]
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| 强 | - (jiàng, ㄐㄧㄤˋ) stubborn; unyielding [CE-DICT]
- (qiáng, ㄑㄧㄤˊ) strong; powerful; better; slightly more than; vigorous; violent; surname Qiang [CE-DICT]
- (qiǎng, ㄑㄧㄤˇ) to strive; to make an effort [CE-DICT]
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| 化 | - (か) (suf) (See 化する) action of making something; -ification [EDICT]
- (huā, ㄏㄨㄚ) variant of 花 [CE-DICT]
- (huà, ㄏㄨㄚˋ) to make into; to change into; -ization; to ... -ize; to transform; abbr. for chemistry 化学 [CE-DICT]
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