| 因 | - (いん) (n) (1) cause; factor; (2) {Buddh} (See 縁・えん・5) hetu (direct cause, esp. as opposed to indirect conditions); (3) (See 因明) the basis of one's argument (in hetuvidya); (P) [EDICT]
- (よすが;よすか(ok)) (n) (1) something to rely on; aid; clue; way; means; (2) someone to rely on; relative; (3) reminder; memento [EDICT]
- (yīn, ㄧㄣ) cause; reason; because [CE-DICT]
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| 为 | - (wéi, ㄨㄟˊ) as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do [CE-DICT]
- (wèi, ㄨㄟˋ) because of; for; to [CE-DICT]
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| 在 | - (ざい) (n) (1) country; countryside; (2) outskirts; suburbs; (pref) (3) situated in; resident in [EDICT]
- (zài, ㄗㄞˋ) (located) at; (to be) in; to exist; in the middle of doing sth; (indicating an action in progress) [CE-DICT]
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| 这 | - (zhè, ㄓㄜˋ) this; these; (commonly pronounced zhei4 before a classifier, esp. in Beijing) [CE-DICT]
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| 个 | - (か;カ) (ctr) counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); a noun read using its on-yomi [EDICT]
- (gè, ㄍㄜˋ) individual; this; that; size; classifier for people or objects in general [CE-DICT]
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| 如 | - (にょ) (n) {Buddh} (See 真如) tathata (the ultimate nature of all things) [EDICT]
- (ごと(如);こと(如)(ok);もころ(ok)) (n-adv) (See 如し) like; similar to; same as [EDICT]
- (rú, ㄖㄨˊ) as; as if; such as [CE-DICT]
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| 果 | - (か) (n) (1) {Buddh} (See 因・2) phala (attained state, result); (2) {Buddh} (See 悟り・2) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); (3) (See 果物) fruit; (ctr) (4) counter for pieces of fruit [EDICT]
- (はたて) (n) (arch) end; limit; extremity [EDICT]
- (guǒ, ㄍㄨㄛˇ) fruit; result [CE-DICT]
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| 毫 | - (háo, ㄏㄠˊ) hair; drawing brush; (in the) least; one thousandth [CE-DICT]
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| 无 | - (む) (n) (1) nothing; naught; nought; nil; zero; (pref) (2) un-; non- [EDICT]
- (wú, ㄨˊ) -less; not to have; no; none; not; to lack; un- [CE-DICT]
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| 疑 | - (ぎ) (n) doubt; distrust; suspicion (of) [EDICT]
- (yí, ㄧˊ) to doubt; to misbelieve; to suspect [CE-DICT]
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| 问 | - (wèn, ㄨㄣˋ) to ask [CE-DICT]
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| 更 | - (こもごも) (adv) (uk) alternately; in succession [EDICT]
- (こう) (n) (See 五更) one-fifth of the night (approx. 2 hours) [EDICT]
- (ふけ) (n,n-suf) growing late; latening [EDICT]
- (さら;あら(新);にい(新)) (n,adj-no) (1) (さら only) (arch) new (i.e. brand-new, never used); (pref) (2) new; (adj-na) (3) (更 only) obvious; natural [EDICT]
- (gēng, ㄍㄥ) to change [CE-DICT]
- (gèng, ㄍㄥˋ) more; even more; further; still; still more [CE-DICT]
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| 谈 | - (tán, ㄊㄢˊ) to speak; to talk; to converse; to chat; to discuss; surname Tan [CE-DICT]
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| 不 | - (ふ) (pref) un-; non-; negative prefix [EDICT]
- (ぶ) (pref) (1) un-; non-; (2) bad ...; poor ... [EDICT]
- (bù, ㄅㄨˋ) (negative prefix); not; no [CE-DICT]
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| 上 | - (かみ) ยอด, ส่วนบน, ข้างบน [LongdoJP]
- (うえ) (n,adj-no,n-adv,n-suf) (1) above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter); (2) top; summit; (3) surface; on; (4) before; previous; (5) superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder); (6) on top of that; besides; what's more; (7) upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after); (8) matters concerning...; as concerns ...; (9) (as ...上は) since (i.e. "for that reason"); (n-suf) (10) (hon) (See 父上) suffix indicating higher social standing; (11) (arch) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne); (12) (arch) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo; (13) (arch) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman); (P) [EDICT]
- (うわ) (n,pref) upper; upward; outer; surface; top [EDICT]
- (かみ) (n) (1) (ant [EDICT]
- (じょう) (n-suf) (1) from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); in the field of; being of the type of; (2) aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; on; above; (n) (3) (See 下・げ・2) first volume (e.g. book); (n,pref) (4) superior quality; best; top; high class; (5) going up; (6) governmental; imperial; (7) presenting; showing; (pref) (8) ana- (medical, biol.); (P) [EDICT]
- (shàng, ㄕㄤˋ) on; on top; upon; first (of two parts); previous or last (week etc); upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; above; to go up; to attend (class or university); third tone of putonghua [CE-DICT]
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