| 以 | - (yǐ, ㄧˇ) to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; abbr. for Israel [CE-DICT]
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| 西 | - (せい) (n) (abbr) Spain [EDICT]
- (にし) (n) west; (P) [EDICT]
- (xī, ㄒㄧ) west; the West; Spain (abbr.); Spanish [CE-DICT]
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| 听 | - (tīng, ㄊㄧㄥ) to listen; to hear; to obey; a can (loan from English tin); classifier for canned beverages [CE-DICT]
- (tìng, ㄊㄧㄥˋ) to let; to allow [CE-DICT]
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| 起 | - (おこり) (n) source; origin; cause; beginning; genesis [EDICT]
- (qǐ, ㄑㄧˇ) to rise; to raise; to get up; to initiate (action); classifier for cases or unpredictable events [CE-DICT]
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| 来 | - (らい) (n) (1) next (year, etc.); (2) since (last month, etc.); (P) [EDICT]
- (lái, ㄌㄞˊ) to come; to arrive; to come round; ever since; next [CE-DICT]
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| 由 | - (よし) (n) reason; significance; cause; (P) [EDICT]
- (yóu, ㄧㄡˊ) to follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; to; to leave it (to sb); by (introduces passive verb) [CE-DICT]
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| 此 | - (cǐ, ㄘˇ) this; these [CE-DICT]
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| 年 | - (ねん) (n) (1) year (e.g. AD); (ctr) (2) counter for years [EDICT]
- (とし) (n-adv,n) (1) (年 only) year; (n) (2) many years; (suf,n) (3) age; (n-adv,n) (4) past one's prime; old age; (P) [EDICT]
- (とせ) (ctr) (arch) counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system) [EDICT]
- (nián, ㄋㄧㄢˊ) year [CE-DICT]
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| 之 | - (これ) (pn) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1,其れ・1,彼・あれ・1) this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic); (2) (hum) this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group); (3) now; (4) (arch) here; (5) (arch) I (me); (6) (arch) certainly; (P) [EDICT]
- (の) (prt) (arch) possessive (used on tombs, etc.) [EDICT]
- (zhī, ㄓ) (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的); him; her; it [CE-DICT]
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| 前 | - (ぜん) (n-pref) (1) (See 前・まえ) the last (i.e. immediately preceding) (e.g. "the last mayor"); previous; one-time; former; (2) (before the name of an era) pre- (e.g. "premodern"); (adj-no,n) (3) before; earlier; (P) [EDICT]
- (まえ) (n-adv,n-t,suf) (1) (See 前・ぜん) ago; before (some event); previously; (minutes) to (the hour); (2) in front (of); before (e.g. the house); (3) head (of a line); front (e.g. of a bus); fore part; (4) in the presence of; (5) (See 人前・にんまえ) helping; portion; (6) privates; private parts; (P) [EDICT]
- (qián, ㄑㄧㄢˊ) before; in front; ago; former; previous; earlier; front [CE-DICT]
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