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| | economic | (adj) เกี่ยวกับเศรษฐกิจ, See also: ในทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ | | economics | (n) วิชาเศรษฐศาสตร์ | | economical | (adj) ประหยัด, See also: มัธยัสถ์, กระเหม็ดกระเเหม่, Syn. frugal, prudent, thrifty | | economically | (adv) ในเชิงเศรษฐกิจ, See also: เกี่ยวกับเศรษฐกิจ, เกี่ยวกับเศรษฐศาสตร์, Syn. frugally, sparingly | | economic system | (n) ระบบเศรษฐกิจ | | economic society | (n) สังคมเศรษฐกิจ | | economic geography | (n) ภูมิศาสตร์เศรษฐกิจ |
| | economic | (อีคะนอม'มิค, เอคคะนอม'มิค) adj. เกี่ยวกับเศรษฐศาสตร์, เกี่ยวกับภาวะทางเศรษฐกิจ | | economical | (อีคะนอม'มิเคิล, เอคคะนอม'มิเคิล) adj. ประหยัด, มัธยัสถ์, กระเหม็ดกระแหม่ | | economics | (อีคะนอม'มิคซฺ, เอคคะนอม'มิคซฺ) n. เศรษฐศาสตร์, สภาพเศรษฐกิจ | | macroeconomics | (แมคโรอีคะนอม'มิคซฺ) n. เศรษฐศาสตร์มหัพภาค | | microeconomics | (ไมโครเอ็คคะนอม'มิคซฺ) n. เศรษฐศาสตร์จุลภาค | | uneconomical | (อัน'อิคะนอม'มอคัล) adj. ไม่ประหยัด |
| | economic | (adj) เกี่ยวกับเศรษฐศาสตร์, ในทางเศรษฐกิจ, ในเรื่องเงิน | | economical | (adj) มัธยัสถ์, ประหยัด, อดออม, กระเหม็ดกระแหม่ | | economics | (n) เศรษฐศาสตร์, สภาพเศรษฐกิจ |
| | | Economic administration | การบริหารเศรษฐกิจ [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Economic agreement | ความตกลงทางเศรษฐกิจ [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Economic analysis | การวิเคราะห์ทางเศรษฐกิจ [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific | คณะกรรมาธิการเศรษฐกิจและสังคมแห่งชาติและ แปซิฟิก, Example: องค์กรถาวรของสหประชาชาติ มีหน้าที่ส่งเสริมความร่วมมือในภูมิภาคเอเซียและแปซิฟิก เพื่อแก้ไขปัญหาเศรษฐกิจและสังคม เอสแคปกำเนิดขึ้นเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2517 สาขาของงานที่เอสแคปให้ลำดับความสำคัญมาก มี 6 สาขา ได้แก่ อาหารและการเกษตร พลังงาน วัตถุดิบ การถ่ายทอดเทคโนโลยี การจัดหาเงินทุนเพื่อการพัฒนาชนบท เอสแคปมีสำนักงานใหญ่อยู่ที่กรุงเทพฯ มีสมาชิกในภูมิภาครวม 39 ประเทศ [สิ่งแวดล้อม] | | Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific | คณะกรรมาธิการเศรษฐกิจและสังคมสำหรับเอเชียและ แปซิฟิก มีสำนักงานตั้งอยู่ที่กรุงเทพฯ [การทูต] | | Economic and Social Council | คณะมนตรีเศรษฐกิจและสังคม (แห่งสหประชาชาติ) เป็นองค์กรหลักของสหประชาชาติ ที่ทำหน้าที่ในการศึกษาและรายงานเกี่ยวกับเรื่องระหว่างประเทศทางเศรษฐกิจ สังคม วัฒนธรรม การศึกษา อนามัย และอื่น ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง และจัดทำคำแนะนำเสนอต่อสมัชชา สมาชิกของสหประชาชาติ ตลอดจนทบวงการชำนัญพิเศษที่เกี่ยวข้อง โดยมุ่งเน้นที่จะส่งเสริมการเคารพ และการปฏิบัติตามสิทธิมนุษยชน และอิสรภาพของมวลมนุษย์ ทั้งนี้ ประกอบด้วยสมาชิกของสหประชาชาติ 54 ประเทศ [การทูต] | | Economic and Technical Cooperation | ความร่วมมือทางด้านเศรษฐกิจและวิชาการ [การทูต] | | Economic anthropology | มานุษยวิทยาเศรษฐกิจ [TU Subject Heading] | | Economic aspects | แง่เศรษฐกิจ [TU Subject Heading] | | Economic assistance | ความช่วยเหลือทางเศรษฐกิจ [TU Subject Heading] |
| | | | | ด้านเศรษฐกิจ | (adj) economic, Example: โครงสร้างด้านเศรษฐกิจของเทศบาลตำบลบางพระมีฐานทางเศรษฐกิจค่อนข้างแคบ, Thai Definition: ที่เกี่ยวกับการผลิต การจำหน่ายจ่ายแจก และการบริโภคใช้สอยสิ่งต่างๆ ของชุมชน |
| | | | | | Economical | { } a. [ F. économique, L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. &unr_; economical. See Economy. ] 1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. “In this economical misfortune [ of ill-assorted matrimony. ]” Milton. [ 1913 Webster ] 2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs. [ 1913 Webster ] And doth employ her economic art
And busy care, her household to preserve. Sir J. Davies. [ 1913 Webster ] 3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits. [ 1913 Webster ] Just rich enough, with economic care,
To save a pittance. Harte. [ 1913 Webster ] 4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; using the minimum of time or effort or resources required for effectiveness; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of time; an economic use of home heating oil. [ wns=3 ] [ 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5 ] 5. of or pertaining to the national or regional economy; relating to political economy; relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to the production or consumption of goods and services of a nation or region; as, economic growth; economic purposes; economical truths; an economic downturn. [ 1913 Webster ] These matters economical and political. J. C. Shairp. [ 1913 Webster ] There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization. Palfrey. [ 1913 Webster ] Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people. H. C. Baird. [ 1913 Webster ] 6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end. Grew. [ 1913 Webster ] 7. of or pertaining to economics. economic theory [ WordNet 1.5 ] 8. profitable. Opposite of uneconomic. [ wns=4 ] [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ] 9. avoiding waste; as, an economical meal. Opposite of wasteful.
Syn. -- frugal, scotch, sparing, stinting, thrifty. [ WordNet 1.5 ] ☞ Economical is the usual form when meaning frugal, saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs. [ 1913 Webster ] Variants: Economic | | Economically | adv. With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Economics | n. [ Gr. ta` o'ikonomika`, equiv. to "h o'ikonomi`a. See Economic.] 1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management. [1913 Webster] 2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources; the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of a nation or region, and its effect on the wealth of a country. See Political economy, under Political. “In politics and economics.” V. Knox. [1913 Webster +PJC] |
| | 经济效益 | [jīng jì xiào yì, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄧˋ, 经 济 效 益 / 經 濟 效 益] economic benefit #4,444 [Add to Longdo] | | 经济学 | [jīng jì xué, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ, 经 济 学 / 經 濟 學] economics (as a field of study) #6,128 [Add to Longdo] | | 经济体制 | [jīng jì tǐ zhì, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄓˋ, 经 济 体 制 / 經 濟 體 制] economic system #10,394 [Add to Longdo] | | 经济危机 | [jīng jì wēi jī, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄟ ㄐㄧ, 经 济 危 机 / 經 濟 危 機] economic crisis #23,368 [Add to Longdo] | | 经济界 | [jīng jì jiè, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ, 经 济 界 / 經 濟 界] economic circles #29,578 [Add to Longdo] | | 个体经济 | [gè tǐ jīng jì, ㄍㄜˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ, 个 体 经 济 / 個 體 經 濟] economics of a self-employed individual or private firm [Add to Longdo] | | 利权 | [lì quán, ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄩㄢˊ, 利 权 / 利 權] economic rights (e.g. of a state monopoly) [Add to Longdo] | | 经济前途 | [jīng jì qián tú, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄨˊ, 经 济 前 途 / 經 濟 前 途] economic future; economic outlook [Add to Longdo] | | 经济力量 | [jīng jì lì liang, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄤ˙, 经 济 力 量 / 經 濟 力 量] economic strength [Add to Longdo] | | 经济增加值 | [jīng jì zēng jiā zhí, ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˋ ㄗㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄓˊ, 经 济 增 加 值 / 經 濟 增 加 值] Economic value added, EVA [Add to Longdo] |
| | | economic globalization | Economic Globalization Contemporary patterns of economic globalization have been strongly associated with a reframing of the relationship between states and markets. Although the global economy as a single entity is by no means as highly integrated as the most robust national economies, the trends point unambiguously towards intensifying integration within and across regions. Patterns of contemporary economic globalization have woven strong and enduring webs across the world's major regions such that their economic fate is intimately connected. Levels of inter-regional trade are largely unprecedented whilst the form which trade takes has changed considerably. Despite the fact there is a tendency to exaggerate the power of global financial markets, ignoring the centrality of states to sustaining their effective operation especially in times of crisis, there is much compelling evidence to suggest that contemporary financial globalization is a market, rather than a state, driven phenomenon. Reinforced by financial liberalization, the accompanying shift towards markets and private financial institutions as the 'authoritative actors' in the global financial system poses serious questions about the nature of state power and economic sovereignty. Alongside financial integration the operations of multinational corporations integrate national and local economies into global and regional production networks .Under these conditions, national economies no longer function as autonomous systems of wealth creation since national borders are no longer significant barriers to the conduct and organization of economic activity. The distinction between domestic economic activity and worldwide economic activity, as the range of products in any superstore will confirm, is becoming increasingly difficult to sustain. Central to the organization of this new global capitalist order is the multinational corporation. In 1999 there were over 60, 000 MNCs worldwide with 500, 000 foreign subsidiaries, selling $9.5 trillion of goods and services across the globe. Today transnational production considerably exceeds the level of global exports and has become the primary means for selling goods and services abroad. Multinational corporations now account, according to some estimates, for at least 20 per cent of world production and 70 per cent of world trade . It is global corporate capital, rather than states, which exercises decisive influence over the organization, location and distribution of economic power and resources in the contemporary global economy. Contemporary patterns of economic globalization have been accompanied by a new global division of labour brought about, in part, by the activities of multinationals themselves . Developing countries are being re-ordered into clear winners and losers, as the experience of the East Asian tiger economies shows. Such restructuring is, moreover, replicated within countries, both North and South, as communities and particular locales closely integrated into global production networks reap significant rewards whilst the rest struggle on its margins. Economic globalization has brought with it an increasingly unified world for elites - national, regional and global - but divided nations and communities as the global workforce is segmented, within rich and poor countries alike, into winners and losers . Furthermore, the globalization of economic activity exceeds the regulatory reach of national governments while, at the same time, existing multilateral institutions of global economic governance have limited authority because states, still jealously guarding their national sovereignty, refuse to cede these institutions substantial power. Under such conditions, global markets may effectively escape political regulation. For the most part, the governance structures of the global economy operate principally to nurture and reproduce the forces of economic globalization whilst also serving to discipline and streamline this nascent 'global market civilisation'. Yet, in some contexts, these governance structures may carve out considerable autonomy from the dictates of global capital and/or the G7 states. Hence, multilateral institutions have become increasingly important sites through which economic globalization is contested, by weaker states and by the agencies of transnational civil society. The G7 states and representatives of global capital have found themselves on many occasions at odds with collective decisions or rule making . Moreover, the political dynamics of multilateral institutions tend to mediate great power control, for instance through consensual modes of decision making, such that they are never merely tools of dominant states and particular social groupings. Alongside these global institutions, there also exist a parallel set of regional bodies, from APEC to the EU, which represent an additional attempt to shift the terms of engagement with global market forces. Within the interstices of this system operate the social groups of an emerging transnational civil society, from the International Chamber of Commerce to the Jubilee 2000 campaign, seeking to promote, contest and bring to account the agencies of economic globalization. Economic globalization has been accompanied by a significant internationalization of political authority associated with a corresponding globalization of political activity. |
| | 経済 | [けいざい, keizai] (n, vs) economics; business; finance; economy; (P) #556 [Add to Longdo] | | 経済学部 | [けいざいがくぶ, keizaigakubu] (n) economics department; economics school #5,675 [Add to Longdo] | | ＡＰＥＣ | [エーペック;エイペック, e-pekku ; eipekku] (n) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; APEC [Add to Longdo] | | いざなみ景気;伊弉冉景気 | [いざなみけいき, izanamikeiki] (n) (See だらだらかげろう景気) period of Japanese economic expansion from February 2002 to October 2007 [Add to Longdo] | | お徳 | [おとく, otoku] (n) economical [Add to Longdo] | | だらだらかげろう景気;だらだら陽炎景気 | [だらだらかげろうけいき, daradarakageroukeiki] (n) period of Japanese economic expansion from February 2002 to October 2007 [Add to Longdo] | | アジア太平洋経済協力会議 | [アジアたいへいようけいざいきょうりょくかいぎ, ajia taiheiyoukeizaikyouryokukaigi] (n) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; APEC [Add to Longdo] | | エコノミカル | [ekonomikaru] (adj-na, n) economical [Add to Longdo] | | エコノミクス;エコノミックス | [ekonomikusu ; ekonomikkusu] (n) economics [Add to Longdo] | | エコノミック | [ekonomikku] (adj-no) economic [Add to Longdo] |
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