| ลองค้นหาคำในรูปแบบอื่น ๆ เพื่อให้ได้ผลลัพธ์มากขึ้นหรือน้อยลง: urban, -urban- |
มีผลลัพธ์ที่ไม่แสดงผลอยู่ | urban | (adj) เกี่ยวกับเมือง, See also: ในเมือง, Syn. suburb, Ant. rural | | urban | (adj) เป็นลักษณะของเมือง, See also: ทีเป็นลักษณะของชุมชนเมือง, Syn. suburb, Ant. rural | | turban | (n) ผ้าโพกหัวของชาวมุสลิม | | turban | (n) หมวกที่คล้ายผ้าโพกหัวของชาวมุสลิม | | urbane | (adj) เป็นผู้ดี, See also: สุภาพ, เป็นผู้เจริญ, Syn. mannerly, courteous, Ant. rude | | suburban | (adj) นอกเมือง, See also: รอบเมือง, ชานเมือง, Syn. provincial, rural, Ant. urban, metropolitan, cosmopolitan | | turbaned | (adj) มีลักษณะคล้ายหมวกโพกศีรษะ | | urbanite | (n) ผู้ที่อาศัยอยู่ในเมือง, Syn. suburbanite | | urbanity | (n) คุณสมบัติของชาวเมือง, Syn. civility, sophistication | | urbanize | (vt) ทำให้เป็นย่านชุมชนเมือง, See also: ทำให้เจริญ | | urbanize | (vt) ทำให้มีลักษณะเป็นเมือง | | urban area | (n) เขตเมือง, See also: ชุมชนเมือง, Syn. suburb, Ant. rural | | disturbance | (n) การรบกวน, See also: การทำให้ไม่สงบ | | suburbanite | (n) คนที่อาศัยอยู่ย่านชานเมือง, Syn. commuter, resident | | urbanization | (n) การมีลักษณะเป็นเมืองมากกว่าชนบท | | urban renewal | (n) การฟื้นฟูดินแดนท้องถิ่นที่เสียหายหรือเสื่อมสลายไปแล้ว, Syn. modernization, gentrification, improvement |
| | disturbance | (ดิสเทิร์บ'เบินซฺ) n. การรบกวน, การทำให้ไม่สงบ, การทำให้ยุ่ง, การทำให้ลำบาก, สิ่งที่รบกวน, ความไม่สงบ, Syn. row, disorder | | inurbane | (อินเออเบน') adj. ไม่มีมารยาท, หยาบคาย, ไม่ได้รับการอบรม., See also: inurbanity n. | | suburban | (ซะเบิร์น'เบิน) adj. ชานเมือง, รอบนอกเมือง, คับแคบ, ลูกทุ่ง, เกี่ยวกับบริ-เวณชานเมืองหรือรอบนอกเมือง. n. ผู้ที่อาศัยอยู่แถวชานเมือง. = station wagon (ดู) | | turban | (เทอ'เบิน) n. หมวโพกศรีษะของชาวมุสลิมในตอนใต้ของเอเซีย, หมวกที่คล้ายหมวกดังกล่าว, หมวกสตรีที่โพกคล้ายหมวกแขก, See also: turbaned adj. | | urban | (เออ'เบิน) adj. เกี่ยวกับเมือง, อาศัยอยู่ในเมือง | | urbane | (เออเบน') adj. มีลักษณะของชาวนคร, สุภาพ, มีมารยาท, เก๋, เป็นผู้ดี., See also: urbanely adv. urbaneness n. urbanity n. | | urbanise | (เออ'บะไนซ) n. =urbanize ดู., See also: urbanisation n. | | urbanism | (เออ'บะนิสซึม) n. วิถีชีวิตในนคร, วิถีชีวิตใมเมืองใหญ่, การทำให้มีลักษณะของนครหรือเมือง ใหญ่ | | urbanist | (เออ'บะนิสท) ห n. ผู้เชี่ยวชาญในการวางผังเมือง | | urbanite | (เออ'บะไนท) n. ชาวนคร, ชาวเมืองใหญ่, ชาวเมือง | | urbanity | (เออแบน'นีที) n. ลักษณะของชาวนคร, ความมีมารยาท, ความสุภาพเรียบร้อย, ความเป็นผู้ดี | | urbanize | (เออ'บะไนซ) n. ทำให้เป็นนคร, ทำให้เป็นเมืองใหญ่, ทำให้มีลักษณะของนครหรือเมืองใหญ่., See also: urbanization n., Syn. urbanise |
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| | disturbance | (n) การรบกวน, การทำให้ยุ่ง, การทำให้ไม่สงบ | | interurban | (adj) ระหว่างเมือง | | suburban | (adj) เกี่ยวกับรอบนอก, เกี่ยวกับชานเมือง | | turban | (n) ผ้าโพกศีรษะ, หมวก | | urban | (adj) เกี่ยวกับเมือง, ในเมือง | | urbane | (adj) สุภาพ, เป็นผู้ดี, อ่อนโยน | | urbanity | (n) ความสุภาพ, ความเป็นผู้ดี, ความอ่อนโยน |
| | renewal, urban | การปรับปรุงเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | rural-urban fringe | รอยต่อชนบทกับเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | rural-urban fringe | รอยต่อชนบทกับเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | rural-urban migration | การย้ายถิ่นจากชนบทสู่เมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | rurban | กึ่งเมืองกึ่งชนบท [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | rurbanization | การทำให้มีลักษณะกึ่งเมืองกึ่งชนบท, การทำให้เป็นกึ่งเมืองกึ่งชนบท [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | suburban | แบบชานเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | suburban zone | เขตชานเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | suburban zone | เขตชานเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | suburbanization | การทำให้เป็นชานเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | semi-urban population | ประชากรกึ่งเมืองกึ่งชนบท [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | occlusal disturbance | การสบ(ฟัน)สะดุด [ทันตแพทยศาสตร์๑๓ มี.ค. ๒๕๔๕] | | area, urban | พื้นที่เมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | disturbance | ๑. การรบกวน (สิทธิ) (ก. แพ่ง)๒. การก่อความวุ่นวาย (ก. อาญา) [นิติศาสตร์ ๑๑ มี.ค. ๒๕๔๕] | | disturbance | การรบกวน [เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ ๑๑ มี.ค. ๒๕๔๕] | | disturbance of the peace | การก่อให้เกิดการวุ่นวาย [นิติศาสตร์ ๑๑ มี.ค. ๒๕๔๕] | | fringe, rural-urban | รอยต่อชนบทกับเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | fringe, urban | ชานเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | zone, urban | เขตเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | zone, urban | เขตเมือง [นิติศาสตร์ ๑๑ มี.ค. ๒๕๔๕] | | urban nucleus | ใจกลางเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urban nucleus | ใจกลางเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | urban population | ประชากรเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | urban renewal | การปรับปรุงเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urban servitude | ภาระจำยอมในเขตเมือง [นิติศาสตร์ ๑๑ มี.ค. ๒๕๔๕] | | urban zone | เขตเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urban zone | เขตเมือง [นิติศาสตร์ ๑๑ มี.ค. ๒๕๔๕] | | urbanism | วิทยาการปรับปรุงเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urbanization | การทำให้เป็นเมือง, การมีลักษณะแบบเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urbanization | การทำให้เป็นเมือง, การมีลักษณะแบบเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | urban | ชุมชนในเมือง, แบบเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urban | แบบเมือง, ชุมชนในเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | urban area | พื้นที่เมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urban area | เขตเมือง [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] | | urban fringe | ชานเมือง [รัฐศาสตร์ ๑๗ ส.ค. ๒๕๔๔] | | urban fringe | ชานเมือง [ ดู suburb ] [ประชากรศาสตร์ ๔ ก.พ. ๒๕๔๕] |
| | Urban condition | สภาพของเมือง [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Urban development | การพัฒนาเมือง [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Urban economics | เศรษฐศาสตร์เมือง [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Urban planning | การวางผังเมือง [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Urban sociology | สังคมวิทยาเมือง [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Community development, Urban | การพัฒนาชุมชนเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Land use, Urban | การใช้ที่ดินในเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban condition | สภาพชุมชนในเมือง [เศรษฐศาสตร์] | | Rural-urban migration | การย้ายถิ่นจากชนบทสู่เมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Sociology, Urban | สังคมวิทยาเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Suburban life | การดำเนินชีวิตในชานเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban ecology | นิเวศวิทยาเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban economics | เศรษฐศาสตร์เมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban forestry | ป่าไม้ในเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban health | อนามัยเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban heat island | โดมความร้อนของเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban homesteading | เคหสถานในเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban policy | นโยบายเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban poor | คนยากจนในเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban transportation | การขนส่งในเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban warfare | สงครามในเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban-rural migration | การย้ายถิ่นจากเมืองสู่ชนบท [TU Subject Heading] | | Urbanization | การทำให้เป็นเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Urban Nucleus | ศูนย์กลางของเมือง, Example: การรวมตัวกันของชุมชนมากกว่าหนึ่งชุมชน ที่อยู่ในบริเวณที่ใกล้เคียงกันเข้าด้วยกัน โดยที่ยังคงรักษาอำนาจในการบริหารของตนเองเอาไว้ [สิ่งแวดล้อม] | | Acid-Base Disturbance | ความปรวนแปรของภาวะกรด-ด่าง [การแพทย์] | | Acid-Base Disturbances | สมดุลย์กรดด่างที่ผิดปกติ [การแพทย์] | | Affect Disturbances | ผิดปกติในอารมณ์ [การแพทย์] | | Behavior, Disturbances of | ผิดปกติในพฤติกรรม [การแพทย์] | | Cerebral Disturbances | ความผิดปกติของสมองการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางสมอง [การแพทย์] | | Cognitive Disturbances | ความแปรปรวนของการรู้ [การแพทย์] | | Comparisons, Urban-Rural | การเปรียบเทียบในเมืองและในชนบท [การแพทย์] | | Consciousness, Disturbances of | ผิดปกติในระดับความรู้สึกตัว [การแพทย์] | | Cortical Disturbances | โรคที่สมองใหญ่ [การแพทย์] | | Disturbances | การแปรปรวน, การรบกวน, การทรงตัวเสีย [การแพทย์] | | Disturbances, Mixed | ความผิดปกติแบบผสม [การแพทย์] | | Disturbances, Primary | ภาวะผิดปกติเพียงอย่างเดียว [การแพทย์] | | Disturbances, Single | ภาวะผิดปกติเพียงอย่างเดียว [การแพทย์] | | Eating Disturbance | การกินที่ผิดปกติ [การแพทย์] | | Emotional Disturbances | การผันแปรของอารมณ์, ถูกรบกวนอย่างมากทางด้านอารมณ์ [การแพทย์] | | Emotionally Disturbance | ปัญหาทางอารมณ์และจิตใจ [การแพทย์] | | Function, Disturbances of | รบกวนหน้าที่ [การแพทย์] | | Growth, Disturbances of | การเจริญเติบโตที่ผิดปกติ [การแพทย์] | | Memory, Disturbances of | ผิดปกติในความจำ [การแพทย์] | | Metabolic Disturbances | การรบกวนต่อการเผาผลาญ [การแพทย์] | | Motor Disturbance | การเปลี่ยนแปลงเกี่ยวกับกำลังและการเคลื่อนไหวของ, ความผิดปกติของมอเตอร์ [การแพทย์] |
| | Climatic aspects in urban design—a case study | (n, vi, vt, modal, ver) Climatic aspects in urban design—a case study Isaac G. Capeluto, , A. Yezioro and E. Shaviv Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel Received 11 December 2001; revised 13 February 2002; accepted 21 February 2002.; Available online 4 April 2002. Abstract We present a case study of a design of a new business district in Tel Aviv city. In this work climatic aspects were taken into consideration in the very early design stages. For that purpose, two models SustArc (Proceedings of the ISES 1997 Solar World Congress, Taejon, Korea, 1997, p. 148) and FLUENT 5.0.2 (Fluent's User's Guide, Fluent Inc., NH, USA, 1999) were applied in order to achieve solar and wind rights. The new business district was designed as a high-density urban area and is located near an old low-rise residential quarter. SustArc was used as a design tool to create the solar envelope that shows the maximum available volume in which it is possible to build without violating the solar rights of existing residential neighborhood, the main avenues and the pedestrian sidewalks. FLUENT, on the other hand, was implemented as an evaluative tool, in a trial and error method, until a design solution could be achieved, in which the wind rights of the residential neighborhood were preserved, while ensuring tolerable winds inside the business district. The paper presents the process of sun and wind controlled planning, as well as the recommendations. Author Keywords: Solar rights; Wind rights; Urban design; Design tools Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Sun, winds and urban design 3. Planning control for sun and winds in a new business district 4. Planning control for sun access 5. Planning control for wind access and protection 6. Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements References 1. Introduction During the conceptual design phase of urban districts, the designer deals with different geometrical characteristics related to the building's height and width, in relation to the open spaces and the pedestrian sidewalks. New buildings may create a different microclimate, like changing the wind regime and shading of existing neighborhoods, as well as in the new district. To protect solar rights, as well as wind rights, is a complex task. Moreover, tolerable winds should be achieved along the pedestrian sidewalks. The determination of a preferable design solution becomes specially complicated due to mutual influences. On the other hand, ignoring the solar rights at the stage of the preparation of the master plan may cause discomfort conditions around the buildings beyond repair. Different design tools for solar insolation conscious design were developed. We can classify these tools into generation tools and evaluation tools. The generative design tools aid to define the proper geometry. Some examples are [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ] for determining solar rights. These tools generate nomograms that present all possible solutions to a given problem. These nomograms are called “Solar Envelopes”. The evaluation tools, on the other hand, analyze the performance of a given design. Some examples are Kroner and Abrey [ 7 ], Yezioro and Shaviv [ 8 and 9 ] and Capeluto and Shaviv [ 5 ] for evaluating solar rights for buildings and in open spaces among them. Heliodons are also used to evaluate the proposed design, namely a scaled down 3D physical model examined in the laboratory. For microclimate and wind rights conscious design, there are today only evaluative design tools. These are either wind tunnel studies, or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tools. The CFD models are very powerful, require heavy calculations, but provide detailed results that can show clearly the defects in suggested designs. As a result, new design alternatives may be thought of and re-evaluated, until a good and satisfactory design is achieved. In the design of the new business district in Tel Aviv (Fig. 1), we have used SustArc, as the design tool to evaluate the proposed design (Fig. 2). We have also used SustArc to create the solar envelope that shows the maximum available volume in which it is possible to build while keeping the solar rights of the existing neighborhood (Fig. 5). We used FLUENT to evaluate the existing situation, the proposed solution and the mitigation design, in which the wind rights to the residential neighborhood were preserved, while ensuring tolerable winds along the pedestrian sidewalks ( Fig. 8 and Fig. 9). The paper presents the design process along with the different design tools implemented to create the solutions and to simulate and evaluate the proposed design. Using these tools we could develop rules and design guidelines that ensure proper insolation and ventilation in the existing residential neighborhood as well as creating good microclimatic conditions inside the new business district. Display Full Size version of this image (63K) Fig. 1. An aerial view of the business district. Display Full Size version of this image (24K) Fig. 2. Sun-view presenting the shading of the main green avenue (the area adjacent to the tall buildings from the right) and the residential neighborhood (the long square on the right). 2. Sun, winds and urban design There are many places in which urban design take into consideration solar rights and winds protection. Let us mention a few: New York, Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and San Francisco, in the USA, Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, London, Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto, in Canada [ 10 ]. Many tall buildings were built during the past in all of the above cities. These tall buildings caused different problems, like shading, loss of daylight, and creation of strong winds around the tall buildings on one hand, and at the same time avoid good ventilation by creating wind stagnation at some parts around them. From the accumulating experience, the city leaders and designers recognized the need to control the changes in the microclimatic conditions created by a proposed design. In many cities, large projects, including tall buildings, require wind studies, as well as shading evaluation. Nevertheless, in most places, the planning control for wind protection and solar insolation are not mandatory and are not imposed by standards, but rather open to negotiations with the developers. Defining urban standards can be carried on along three different approaches [ 10 ]: Prescriptive and descriptive standards, in which the exact physical solution is given. For example, the specific maximum height of buildings in the inner city neighborhood of San Francisco is dictated along with the angle of the slope of a plan that cut the upper floors further from the street. Performance standards, in which the expected performance of the design is given. For example, Boston zoning ordinance dictates for some downtown areas, that “No net increase in shadow is permitted between 8 a.m. and 2.30 p.m.”. In San Francisco for example a performance standard is set for the maximum allowed wind velocity so that “a building form which causes wind speeds to exceed 11 miles/h in areas where people walk and 7 miles/h in areas where people sit, should not be used”. Discretionary review, in which a comprehensive study is required as part of the environmental impact study (EIS) process. For example, in New York, sponsors of large development projects are required to conduct wind studies. The expected wind velocities in new or existing open spaces shall not exceed the mean wind velocity in existing comparable open spaces. There are not yet urban standards and legislation in Israel about how much a building can shade neighboring buildings, open spaces, or what is the maximum allowed wind speed. As for solar rights, we were contracted to develop legislation [ 11 ] and we hope that our future recommendations will be imposed. However, in many cities, the Israeli ministry of the environment demands from every developer, who intends to build high-rise buildings, a discretionary review for winds and shading, as part of the EIS. As there are not yet urban standards, the results of the study are not always imposed on the project. The shading study is usually an evaluation process, carried by different computer codes, while the wind assessment is in most cases a wind tunnel study. In the following chapter we shall demonstrate the approach to deal with planning control for sun access and wind access and protection [ 12 ] that was carried out in the design of a new business district in Tel Aviv. 3. Planning control for sun and winds in a new business district A new business district is being planned in the heart of Tel Aviv on an area of 250, 000 m2. The urban density was changed from 200% to 450%. As a result, the developers wish to build in the area many high-rise buildings 40 stories and above. Existing low-rise residential buildings that surround this new business district will be affected by the high-rise buildings (see Fig. 1). The new master plan of this district was not approved yet, and the residents of neighboring communities can submit objections to the new plan, which they did. The designers of the Tel Aviv City planning department produced a 3D model of the site, in which they assumed that all developers would build the maximum allowed (a likely outcome). The model allows the visualization of the spatial drawbacks in the preliminary design. In particular, it was found that the new buildings create a high wall that would deprive the sun and winds (coming mainly from west) from the existing buildings (Fig. 2). Therefore, the designers of Tel Aviv City planning department decided to adopt certain rules for the design of this new business district so as to ensure sun and winds in the existing residential neighborhood. The Tel Aviv climate is hot and humid, and the sea breeze helps in summer to bring about thermal comfort in open spaces, as well as indoors. Therefore, the proposed high-rise buildings should not block the sea breeze. Moreover, tall buildings can create strong winds at the foot of the buildings. This fact complicates the situation, as near tall buildings the wind velocity may change very fast from extremely strong wind to no breeze at all. The sun in Tel Aviv is undesirable in summer but it can cause any open space and parks to be a very pleasant and enjoyable place to stay in winter. Therefore, permanent shading, even if needed in summer, compromises winter sun. A dynamic solution, like shading open spaces and sidewalks in summer by deciduous trees that supply winter insolation, is preferred. In general, at least one pedestrian sidewalk should be exposed to winter sun to provide thermal comfort in winter. The other sidewalk, which is shaded by the building in winter, can be protected from the summer sun by permanent shading devices, or by evergreen trees. On top of it, in Israel there is a requirement by law, for every residential unit, to have solar panels for hot water. It is mandatory, therefore, that these panels will be exposed to the sun the year around. 4. Planning control for sun access “Solar Rights Envelope” defines the space of all possible solutions for the determination of a design that does not violate the solar rights of existing buildings and open spaces during a given period of the year (See Fig. 3). The model SustArc creates such an envelope [ 5 and 6 ]. Display Full Size version of this image (18K) Fig. 3. The solar rights envelope. In the design of the new business district, the use of solar envelopes was recommended to protect the solar rights. The requirement was to achieve solar access during the entire winter, between 8 a.m. and 3.00 p.m., in the residential neighborhood, as well as in the main avenue that is the only existing green open area. The solar envelope that fulfills the above requirement, as well as the obtained shape of the buildings under this envelope, are presented in Fig. 4. Display Full Size version of this image (11K) Fig. 4. The solar envelope that ensure solar rights in the existing residential neighborhood as well as in the main green open space. Although the requirements were only to ensure solar access to the residential neighborhood, we added the demand that the main two avenues from west to east will be exposed to the sun during the same period. This is in order to ensure that the morning and afternoon walk from the railway station to work, is in the sun (see Fig. 6). On top of it, we required that the main inner street parallel to the main green avenue would have solar access during lunchtime from 12.00 to 13.00. These requirements will allow the people to enjoy walking in the sun to the two avenues (A and B in Fig. 6) that lead them to the main green avenue, to have lunch in the garden, or in the planned restaurants along the green avenue. Fig. 5 presents the solar envelope that was accepted as design guidelines for the relocation or reshaping of the tall buildings in the business district. All buildings higher than this envelope (these are the buildings that can be seen above the net of the envelope) must be displaced to another location, or should be reshaped (see Fig. 6). This is a descriptive approach, in which all possible consistent solutions are given in advance. However, we mixed the descriptive approach with the performance one, by allowing some exceptions, as long as the shading caused by these buildings is not above a given standard. But, till such standard will exist, a discretionary review approach might be necessary. Display Full Size version of this image (36K) Fig. 5. The solar envelope that ensure solar rights in the existing residential neighborhoods as well as in the main avenues and streets. Display Full Size version of this image (22K) Fig. 6. The maximum allowed floors for each building, keeping solar rights in the existing residential neighborhoods as well as in the main avenues and streets. Based on these design guidelines a new scheme was suggested by the city planners, that follows the solar envelope (see Fig. 7). Until now, few tall buildings have already been relocated and reshaped, so that they will not stick out from the given solar envelope. Display Full Size version of this image (33K) Fig. 7. Design guidelines on building mass as proposed by the city planners. View from south–east. 5. Planning control for wind access and protection Contrary to other cities, where the requirements were only to protect from high wind velocity around tall buildings, the demand in our case was to ensure good ventilation to the residential neighborhood located east to the business center. The situation today is, that in the business district, most of the buildings are seven floors high and are in a very bad physical condition. Therefore, the majority of the buildings should be demolished and replaced by new ones. The only exception is the first row of buildings near the freeway that are seven floors and new. Today, one can feel in the neighboring residential quarter the good breeze coming from the west. The proposed new tall buildings, thirty floors and above, may block the breeze. As a result, the residents of this quarter objected to the new design on the ground of wind rights. The question that was raised, therefore, was what should be the ventilation corridors inside the business district tissue, so that good natural ventilation will remain in the residential neighborhood, as well as in the new business district. This fact complicated the situation, as in many design alternatives the very solution for ensuring the breeze in the residential quarter, may cause excessive winds in the business district (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). There are not yet design tools that can create the envelope of all possible solutions that satisfy wind requirements, or wind protection. Therefore, performance approach and evaluation technique were applied by using a CFD simulation model FLUENT 5.0.2 [ 13 ]. We required the following: wind velocity in the main avenues and streets should be in summer at least 2 m/s in walking areas, and 1 m/s in sitting areas. In winter, wind velocity in the main green avenue should not be higher than 5 m/s in walking areas and 3.5 m/s in sitting areas. In other streets, where people move fast, it can reach up to 9 m/s . In the residential neighborhood, the breeze should be similar to what exists today. FLUENT is a very powerful tool. It requires heavy calculations, but gives detailed results that can show the wind pattern in any plan or cross-section (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). We used FLUENT with the k– turbulence model, to evaluate the existing situation. We compared it with the proposed design (Fig. 9) and with the design based on the solar envelope ( Fig. 10). Many different design alternatives were proposed and evaluated, until a design solution was found, in which the wind rights of the residential neighborhood are preserved while ensuring tolerable winds inside the business district. As the buildings are not yet designed, and for the master plan only general information about the mass of the buildings is required, we assumed simple shapes, and conducted parametric evaluation, in order to find the influence of each design option on the wind pattern. Also, as the simulations are CPU time intensive, we shorten the evaluation procedure by presenting in the same plan different widths for the ventilation corridors, as well as different widths for the north–south streets. In this way we could learn from the same run, what is the preferred width of the ventilation corridors. Fig. 8 presents the standard meteorological wind measurements on site, 10 m above the ground. From this figure one learns that the desired winds in the hot seasons come mainly from the west and northwest and in general the wind velocity is about 3.5 m/s. To ensure wind rights, we carried simulations for these two directions. In all simulations we assumed a wind profile appropriate for the urban roughness and wind velocity of 3.5 m/s at the entrance. Display Full Size version of this image (21K) Fig. 8. The wind rose as measured in site. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show few of the simulations results and only for winds coming from the west. In general, the wind coming from northwest gave better results than what is shown here. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 top left present the existing situation; i.e. all buildings are seven floors high. The widths of the north–south streets are 16 and 36 m according to the existing situation and widths of the east–west streets are 36, 24 and 12 m. The latter are the ventilation corridors that should allow the sea breeze to reach the residential neighborhood. According to the wind pattern obtained, we required that the north–south streets should be at least 36 m in order not to have wind stagnation in the street. The ventilation corridors should be at least 24 m, preferable 36 m. For the 12 m wide ventilation corridor, the wind velocity in the residential neighborhood is too low, even in the existing situation of seven floors high buildings. Therefore, we defined the wind pattern examined area as the area east to the 24 and 36 m ventilation corridors only. Based on these recommendations ventilation corridors were designed and required by the city planners (see Fig. 11). Display Full Size version of this image (80K) Fig. 9. Simulating winds in the business district by using FLUENT: Top left—existing situation. Top right—proposed design. Bottom—parametric analysis. Display Full Size version of this image (79K) Fig. 10. Simulating winds in the business district by using FLUENT: Top left—existing situation. Top right—proposed design according to the Solar envelope section. Bottom left—parametric analysis: Seven floors buildings along the pathway. Bottom right—parametric analysis: Adding trees at the entrance of the ventilation corridor. Display Full Size version of this image (16K) Fig. 11. Ventilation corridors as requested by the city planners. Fig. 9 presents the simulation results for the proposed design (top right) and parametric analysis for mitigation (bottom left and right). We can see that cutting the building in 45ฐ at the exit of the business district, improves the ventilation in both the main green avenue and the residential neighborhood (bottom left). On the other hand, changing the plan of the middle tower from square to round deteriorates the microclimate conditions. Fig. 10 presents the simulation results for the proposed design according to the solar envelope section (top right) and parametric analysis for mitigation (bottom left and right). We can see that the design according the solar envelope preserves also the wind rights. However, the wind velocity along the east–west pathway is too high, and should be reduced. Adding seven floors high buildings along the 36 m wide pathway, reduces the high velocity wind speed in this pathway, but also reduces a little bit the wind velocity in the residential neighborhood. Adding trees at the entrance to the ventilation corridors reduces the wind velocity inside the ventilation corridors, and also in the residential neighborhood. However, the wind pattern obtained is quite satisfactory (bottom right). 6. Summary and conclusions This work presents a case study in which, for the first time, the solar rights envelope was used in Israel for the design of a new business district in Tel Aviv, keeping solar rights in a high-density urban area. Using this solar envelope we could determine the maximum allowed heights of the buildings that ensure proper insolation in the existing residential neighborhood as well as in the new business district and the main green avenue. The requirement to build under the solar envelope is a prescriptive/descriptive approach. To protect both, the solar and wind rights, the solar envelope was created first, this envelope was then evaluated using a CFD technique to ensure the wind rights and tolerable winds inside the business district. From the many simulations performed (only few of them shown here) we found that it is not easy to use the prescriptive/descriptive approach, as was done in the solar rights requirement. Only for the determination of the geometry of the ventilation corridors to ensure wind rights, such an approach can be applied. However, for the wind control, a standard performance approach should be applied. This is because the winds pattern depends on the exact geometry of all buildings around. Changing the geometry of one building can influence the wind pattern around other buildings. Therefore, performance standards should be established, and the wind pattern around the building should be evaluated against these standards, by certified tools and users. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the fund for promotion of research at the Technion. Research Number 022.732, and 022.751. References 1. F. Arumi, Computer-aided energy design for buildings. In: D. Watson, Editor, Energy conservation through building design, McGraw-Hill, New York (1979). 2. Shaviv E. Design tools for solar rights and sun-shades determination. Proceedings of the Ninth National Passive Solar Conference ASES, Boulder, CO, 1984. p. 14–9. 3. Wright R, Hoinkes R. Computational issues in urban design: developing a strategy for solar impact assessment. In: Flemming, Wyk, editors. CAAD futures. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1993. 4. Schiler M, Ueng-Fang P. Solvelope: an interactive computer program for defining and drawing solar envelopes. 18th National Passive Solar Conference-ASES, Washington, DC, 1993. 5. Capeluto IG, Shaviv E. Modeling the design of urban grids and fabric with solar rights considerations. Proceedings of the ISES 1997 Solar World Congress, Taejon, Korea, 1997. p. 148–60. 6. Capeluto IG, Shaviv E. Modeling the design of urban fabric with solar rights consideration. IBPSA 99, Kyoto, Japan, 1999. p. 1341–7. 7. Kroner WM, Abrey D. From the sun's point of view. Proceedings of the 10th National Passive Solar Conference, Ralleigh, North Carolina, USA, 1985. 8. Yezioro A, Shaviv E. A Design tool for analyzing mutual shading between buildings, Solar energy, Vol. 52, No. 1. USA: Pergamon Press, 1994. p. 27–37. 9. Yezioro A, Shaviv E. Shading: analyzing mutual shading among buildings. IBPSA 99, Kyoto, Japan, 1999. 10. Bosselmann P, Arens E, Dunker K, Wright R. Sun, wind, and pedestrian comfort. A study of Toronto's central area. Center for Environmental Design Research, University of California at Berkeley and Center for Landscape Architecture Research, University of Toronto. The Department of Planning and Development, City of Toronto, 1991. 11. Shaviv E, Capeluto IG, Yezioro A. Solar rights in high density urban design. Research Proposal No. 022.732, Ministry of Housing, Israel, 2001. 12. HELIOS Climate Energy CAD and Architecture Ltd. Urban climatic design of a new business district in Tel Aviv. Internal Report, 2000 [ in Hebrew ]. 13. FLUENT Inc. Fluent user's guide. NH, USA: Fluent Inc., 1999. Corresponding author. Tel.: +972-4-829-4013; fax: +972-4-829-4617 Building and Environment Volume 38, Issue 6, June 2003, Pages 827-835 |
| | Sorry, I left them in my turban. | Sorry, habe ich in meinem Turban vergessen. The Gorilla Dissolution (2014) | | Burbank, CA | Burbank, CA The Comb and the Box (2006) | | We met at a seminar -- "Tactical Solutions to Urban Terrorism." | Wir lernten uns auf einem Seminar kennen, "Taktische Lösungen für urbanen Terrorismus". The Silver Briefcase (2014) | | Well, I think it's time I paid our pal Raymond a visit, have a little talk about "Tactical Solutions to Urban Terrorism." | Ich denke, es wird Zeit, dass ich unserem Freund Raymond einen Besuch abstatte, ein bisschen mit ihm über "Taktische Lösungen für urbanen Terrorismus" rede. The Silver Briefcase (2014) | | Contact's been lost between Long Beach, LAX and Burbank. | Es besteht keine Kommunikation zwischen Long Beach, LA und Burbank. Pilot (2014) | | Fix the software there, it autocorrects in Long Beach and Burbank. | Repariert man die Software dort, repariert es sich selbst in Long Beach und Burbank. Pilot (2014) | | The nurse says, drop her off in Burbank. | Die Schwester: "Fahren Sie sie nach Burbank. Looking Up (2014) | | Homicide has more on yesterday's Burbank shooter. | Die Mordkommission hat mehr zum gestrigen Burbank Shooter. Pilot (2014) | | All available units urban burn gym on LA Brea now. | Alle verfügbaren Einheiten zum Urban Burn Gym in der La Brea, sofort. Pilot (2014) | | So I found this fencing school in Burbank that has a Jedi class. | Ich bin auf diese Fechtschule in Burbank gestoßen, die einen Jedi-Kurs anbietet. The Septum Deviation (2014) | | The urban legend chupacabra, that chupacabra? | Die Urbane Legende Chupacabra, dieser Chupacabra? Chupacabra (2014) | | And last night, I was working At a studio in burbank. | Und gestern Abend habe ich in einem Studio in Burbank gearbeitet. Risky Business (2014) | | Cabe: Because we're not in burbank, we're in bosnia, And we got shoddy reception. | Weil wir nicht in Burbank sind, sondern in Bosnien, einen Scheißempfang haben und gerade ein Rebellenlager stürmen. Talismans (2014) | | - An amateur band? | - Eine Amateurband? Dragon noir (2014) | | Leeside Savings, Burbank. | Leeside Savings in Burbank. Revenge (2014) | | Burbank, California, 2012. | Burbank, Kalifornien, 2012. Poltergeist (2015) | | I promise I'll wear the turban your mother chose for the ceremony. | Den Turban zu tragen, den deine Mutter für die Feier ausgesucht hat. The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2015) | | - A blue Suburban. - That's it. | - Ein blauer Suburban. Home Sweet Hell (2015) | | Suburban. | - Ja, Suburban. Home Sweet Hell (2015) | | And he had some pre-fabricated parts, but he also had some original pans that were bought in Burbank at Apex Hardware where they got a lot of the original parts. | Er hatte ein paar vorgefertigte Teile, aber auch Originalteile, die er aus Burbank gekauft hatte bei Apex Hardware, wo sie damals viele Originalteile erworben hatten. Back in Time (2015) | | Urban Outfitter, help me out. Come on, buddy. | Urban Outfitter, hilf mir. Trainwreck (2015) | | They want it street, catchy, unforgettable. | Die wollen es "urban", "griffig", "unvergesslich". Episode #1.3 (2015) | | A son does not inherit his father's wisdom simply by wearing his turban. | Ein Sohn erbt die Weisheit seines Vaters nicht einfach, indem er seinen Turban trägt. Bajirao Mastani (2015) | | Corporal America is here to save us from the ragheads. | Corporal America ist hier, um uns vor den Turbanen zu retten. Bed Bugs and Beyond (2015) | | Well, see, you went urban, right? | Du siehst das urban, oder? Fake It Till You Fake It Some More (2015) | | You dressed head to toe in Urban Outfitters. | Du trugst nur Sachen von Urban Outfitters. Tongue-Tied (2015) | | See, we're going for a more youthful customer, and she's urban, and she's active, and she responds better to a plant than a face. | Unsere Kundin ist urban, sie ist aktiv. Eine Pflanze spricht sie mehr an als ein Gesicht. The Dinner (2015) | | People think it is, but the real one is in a studio lot in Burbank. | Die Leute glauben das nur, der echte ist in einem Studio in Burbank. Kimmy Is Bad at Math! (2015) | | Oh yeah. | Live aus Burbank: City on the Edge of Forever (1998) | | This is a clandestine sit-down at a small Burbank motel. | Das Geheimtreffen fand in einem kleinen Motel in Burbank statt. Forget Me Nots (2015) | | I thought he was just some urban legend. | Ich dachte, er wäre nur ein urbaner Mythos. Helft mir! Who Is Harrison Wells? (2015) | | I half expected a beard and a turban. | Ich habe einen Bart und Turban erwartet. Shonin (2015) | | The only problem is, it is at the exact same time as Audrey's Shirley Temple audition in Burbank, the big one. | Das einzige Problem ist nur, dass es zu genau der gleichen Zeit ist, wie Audreys Shirley-Temple- Vorsprechen in Burbank ist, - das große. Ding (2015) | | I need a ride to Burbank. | - Ich muss nach Burbank gefahren werden. The Octopus (2015) | | The baker had a turban. | Der Bäcker trägt einen Turban. Formalized, Complex, and Costly (2015) | | Two Halloweens ago, I was an Ewok and turned an orange bath-towel into a turban. | An Halloween vor zwei Jahren war ich ein Ewok und habe ein orangenes Badetuch in einen Turban verwandelt. Zweiter Platz 250$. And the Knock-Off Knockout (2015) | | Woman's got more connections than a flight from Burbank to Sri Lanka. | Die Fraue hat mehr Verbindungen als ein Flug von Burbank nach Sri Lanka. Par 5 (2015) | | Let me give you this turban. I should take my leave. | Ich überreiche Ihnen den Turban und bitte um Ihre Erlaubnis. Niyazi Gül Dörtnala (2015) | | Maybe you can get one of those urban transport thugs to bring you home. | Vielleicht sollten Sie einen dieser urbanen Gangster-Fahrer anheuern. That Great Big Hill of Hope (2015) | | Stuart Wallace is one of the developers behind the urban renovation project. | Stuart Wallace ist einer der Entwickler von dem urbanen Renovierungsprojekt. The Night Watch (2015) | | Put a turban on her, she'd make a very handsome boy. | Setz ihr einen Turban auf und sie wäre ein hübscher Mann. Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016) | | Put a turban on her and she would make a handsome boy! | Setz ihr einen Turban auf und sie wäre ein hübscher Mann! Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016) | | Burbank Airport. | Flughafen Burbank. The Nice Guys (2016) | | Every airport has an overflight curfew from 10:00 to 6:00, Burbank included. | Alle Flughäfen haben Nachtflugsperre von 22 bis 6 Uhr, auch Burbank. The Nice Guys (2016) | | And Burbank APT West? | Und "Burbank APT West"? The Nice Guys (2016) | | Burbank Apartments West. | Burbank Apartments West. The Nice Guys (2016) | | We're looking for the Burbank Apartments. | Wir suchen den Wohnkomplex Burbank. The Nice Guys (2016) | | The Burbank Airport Western Hotel. | Das Burbank Airport Western Hotel. The Nice Guys (2016) | | Nobody's getting killed at the Burbank Airport Hotel. | Niemand wird im Burbank Airport Hotel getötet. The Nice Guys (2016) | | A Mars Alma May Urbano. | Ja. Eine Mrs. Alma May Urbano. Amarillo (2016) |
| | | สิ่งรบกวน | (n) disturbance, See also: troublesomeness, intrusion | | สังคมเมือง | (n) urban society | | ชุมชนเมือง | (n) urban area, Ant. ชุมชนชนบท, Example: พื้นที่ที่มีองค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นรูปแบบพิเศษนั้นต้องเป็นชุมชนเมืองที่มีลักษณะพิเศษ เช่น เป็นเมืองท่องเที่ยว หรือเขตอุตสาหกรรม, Thai Definition: กลุ่มคนที่อาศัยอยู่ในเมือง, อาณาเขตที่จัดเป็นย่านการค้า การทำธุรกิจ | | เขตชานเมือง | (n) suburban zone, Example: มีทางรถไฟสายสั้นๆ ในบริเวณเขตชานเมืองกรุงเทพฯ ซึ่งไม่เชื่อมโยงกับทางสายใหญ่, Count Unit: เขต | | สังคมเมือง | (n) urban society, Ant. สังคมชนบท, Example: สภาพของสังคมเมืองในปัจจุบันของประเทศอุตสาหกรรมมีการแข่งขันมาก | | มรสุม | (n) crisis, See also: difficulty, obstacle, disturbance, Syn. ความปั่นป่วน, อุปสรรค, วิกฤต, Example: นายไคฟูอาศัยความเป็นคนมือสะอาดของตัวเอง เอาตัวรอดจากมรสุมทางการเมืองมาได้ | | ออกฤทธิ์ออกเดช | (v) be out of control, See also: create a disturbance, Syn. อาละวาด, ออกฤทธิ์แผลงฤทธิ์, แผลงฤทธิ์แผลงเดช, ทำฤทธิ์ทำเดช, Example: แม่มีวิธีจัดการลูกชายที่กำลังออกฤทธ์ออกเดชร้องให้ซื้อของเล่นให้, Thai Definition: อาละวาดด้วยความโกรธหรือโมโหเพราะถูกขัดใจ | | เขตเมือง | (n) urban area, See also: urban district, Example: เขตเมืองกำหนดด้วยบริเวณที่มีประชากรตั้ง 10, 000 คนขึ้นไป, Count Unit: เขต, Thai Definition: พื้นที่ที่เป็นที่ชุมนุมของผู้คน บ้านเรือน และสถานที่สำคัญต่างๆ ของเมืองนั้น | | โพกหัว | (v) wrap, See also: put on a turban, wrap a piece of cloth around one's head, cover the head with a cloth, Syn. โพก, โพกผ้า, Example: ที่เปอร์เซียข้าราชการที่จะเข้าเฝ้าต้องโพกหัวด้วยผ้าหลายชั้น, Thai Definition: เอาผ้าหรือสิ่งของพันหรือพอกหัว | | บัวบก | (n) Centella asiatica Urban., See also: Agdrocotyle asiatica, Syn. ต้นบัวบก, Example: พ่อเด็ดใบบัวบกที่ปลูกไว้มากินกับน้ำพริกปลาร้า, Count Unit: ต้น, Thai Definition: ไม้ล้มลุกชนิด Centella asiatica Urban ในวงศ์ Umbelliferae ขึ้นตามที่ชุ่มชื้น ทอดเลื้อยไปตามพื้นดิน ใบเดี่ยวกลม ขอบใบหยักเล็กน้อย ใบและต้นกินได้ และใช้ทำยาได้ | | ชาวกรุง | (n) city people, See also: townspeople, residents of a city, townsfolk, urban population, Syn. ชาวเมือง, คนเมือง, Ant. ชาวชนบท, Example: ชาวกรุงมีชีวิตความเป็นอยู่สะดวกสบายกว่าชาวชนบท เพราะมีเครื่องทุ่นแรงทุกประเภท, Count Unit: คน; กลุ่ม, พวก | | ชาวเมือง | (n) townspeople, See also: city people, residents of a city, townsfolk, urban population, Syn. ชาวกรุง, คนกรุง, คนเมือง, Ant. ชาวชนบท, ชาวป่า, Example: ชาวชนบทมักจะมีความร่วมมือกันมากกว่าชาวเมือง, Count Unit: คน | | การกวน | (n) disturbance, See also: annoyance, causing trouble, bother, Example: การกวนใจผู้อื่นเป็นมารยาทที่ไม่ดี, Thai Definition: การรบกวนทำให้เกิดความรำคาญ | | ก่อเหตุ | (v) make trouble, See also: cause trouble, create a disturbance, Example: คนร้ายไม่น่าเลือกก่อเหตุที่โรงเรียน เพราะอันตรายต่อเด็กมาก, Thai Definition: สร้างความเดือดร้อนให้เกิดขึ้น | | ก่อเหตุ | (v) make trouble, See also: cause trouble, create a disturbance, Example: คนร้ายไม่น่าเลือกก่อเหตุที่โรงเรียน เพราะอันตรายต่อเด็กมาก, Thai Definition: สร้างความเดือดร้อนให้เกิดขึ้น | | จลาจล | (n) riot, See also: disturbance, insurgence, insurrection, disorder, Syn. ความวุ่นวาย, ความปั่นป่วน, Ant. ความสงบเรียบร้อย, Example: ประชาชนลุกฮือก่อจลาจลเชื้อชาติตามที่ต่างๆ, Thai Definition: ความวุ่นวายในบ้านเมือง, ความปั่นป่วนของบ้านเมือง, Notes: (บาลี) | | ก่อเหตุ | (v) make trouble, See also: cause trouble, create a disturbance, Example: คนร้ายไม่น่าเลือกก่อเหตุที่โรงเรียน เพราะอันตรายต่อเด็กมาก, Thai Definition: สร้างความเดือดร้อนให้เกิดขึ้น | | เรื่อง | (n) trouble, See also: quarrel, matter, problem, disturbance, case, Syn. กรณี, ความ, ข้อความ, เนื้อความ, คดี, เหตุ, Example: ลูกชายบ้านนั้นมีเรื่องกับคนอื่นไม่เว้นแต่ละวัน | | เสียงรบกวน | (n) disturbance sound, See also: distortion, feedback, unwanted sound, Syn. เสียงดังรบกวน, Example: เกณฑ์ในการออกแบบห้องสตูดิโอสำหรับระบบเสียงและภาพนั้นต้องควบคุมเสียงรบกวนให้มีน้อยมากที่สุด |
| | อาละวาด | [ālawāt] (v) EN: act madly ; act wildly ; act violently ; run amok ; run rampage ; create a disturbance ; bully ; bluster FR: semer le désordre | | ชาว | [chāo] (n) EN: inhabitant ; citizen ; resident ; native ; townsfolk ; urban population ; people FR: habitant [ m ] ; citoyen [ m ] ; résident [ m ] ; nationaux [ mpl ] ; peuple [ m ] | | ชาวเมือง | [chāomeūang] (n) EN: townsman ; townspeople ; city people ; residents of a city ; townsfolk ; urban population FR: citadin [ m ] ; population urbaine [ f ] | | จลาจล | [jalājon] (n) EN: riot ; disturbance ; insurgence ; insurrection ; uprising ; disorder ; great confusion FR: émeute [ f ] ; désordres [ mpl ] ; troubles [ mpl ] ; insurrection [ f ] ; révolte [ f ] ; soulèvement [ m ] ; grande confusion [ f ] | | การป่าไม้ในเมือง | [kān pāmāi nai meūang] (n, exp) EN: urban forestry | | การถูกรบกวน | [kān thūk ropkūan] (n, exp) EN: upheaval ; disturbance | | เขตชานเมือง | [khēt chānmeūang] (n, exp) EN: suburban zone FR: zone suburbaine [ f ] | | เกี่ยวกับเมือง | [kīokap meūang] (adj) EN: urban FR: urbain ; citadin | | ก่อความวุ่นวาย | [kø khwām wunwāi] (v, exp) EN: cause a disturbance | | ก่อกวน | [køkuān] (v) EN: agitate ; stir up trouble ; foment ; create a disturbance ; harass | | กรุง | [krung] (adj) EN: urban FR: urbain | | มรสุม | [mørasum] (n) EN: crisis ; difficulty ; obstacle ; disturbance FR: crise [ f ] ; difficulté [ f ] ; obstacle [ m ] | | ในเมือง | [nai meūang] (adj) EN: urban FR: urbain | | นิเวศวิทยาชุมชนเมือง | [niwētwitthayā chumchon meūang] (n, exp) EN: urban ecology | | ผ้าพันหัว | [phāphanhūa] (n) FR: turban [ m ] | | โพกหัว | [phøk hūa] (v, exp) EN: wrap ; put on a turban ; wrap a piece of cloth around one's head ; cover the head with a cloth | | โพกห้ว | [phōk hūa] (v, exp) EN: wear a turban ; wear as a turban FR: porter un turban ; porter en guise de turban | | รถเมล์ | [rotmē] (n) EN: city bus ; bus ; urban bus ; regular bus FR: autobus [ m ] ; bus [ m ] | | สังคมเมือง | [sangkhom meūang] (n, exp) EN: urban society | | ตึงตัง | [teungtang] (v) EN: create a row ; create a disturbance ; make a scene |
| | | | ashurbanipal | (n) king of Assyria who built a magnificent palace and library at Nineveh (668-627 BC), Syn. Assurbanipal, Asurbanipal | | burbank | (n) United States horticulturist who developed many new varieties of fruits and vegetables and flowers (1849-1926), Syn. Luther Burbank | | department of housing and urban development | (n) the United States federal department that administers federal programs dealing with better housing and urban renewal; created in 1965, Syn. HUD, Housing and Urban Development | | disturbance | (n) an unhappy and worried mental state, Syn. upset, perturbation | | disturbance | (n) a disorderly outburst or tumult, Syn. flutter, hurly burly, hoo-ha, hoo-hah, to-do, disruption, kerfuffle, commotion | | disturbance | (n) the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion | | durban | (n) a port city in eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean; resort and industrial center | | electrical disturbance | (n) electrical signals produced by unwanted sources (atmospherics or receiver noise or unwanted transmitters) | | secretary of housing and urban development | (n) the person who holds the secretaryship of the Department of Housing and Urban Development | | secretary of housing and urban development | (n) the position of the head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development | | suburban | (adj) relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs | | suburbanite | (n) a resident of a suburb | | suburbanize | (v) take on suburban character, Syn. suburbanise | | suburbanize | (v) make suburban in character, Syn. suburbanise | | turban | (n) a traditional Muslim headdress consisting of a long scarf wrapped around the head | | turbaned | (adj) wearing a turban | | turban squash | (n) squash plants bearing hard-shelled fruit shaped somewhat like a turban with a rounded central portion protruding from the end opposite the stem, Syn. Cucurbita maxima turbaniformis | | turban squash | (n) large squash shaped somewhat like a turban usually with a rounded central portion protruding from the blossom end | | urban | (adj) relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area | | urban | (adj) located in or characteristic of a city or city life, Ant. rural | | urbana | (n) a university town in east central Illinois adjoining Champaign | | urban area | (n) a geographical area constituting a city or town, Syn. populated area, Ant. rural area | | urbanely | (adv) in an urbane manner | | urban guerrilla | (n) a guerrilla who fights only in cities and towns | | urban ii | (n) French pope from 1088 to 1099 whose sermons called for the First Crusade (1042-1099), Syn. Odo of Lagery, Otho of Lagery, Odo, Otho | | urbanity | (n) polished courtesy; elegance of manner | | urbanity | (n) the quality or character of life in a city or town, Ant. rusticity | | urbanization | (n) the condition of being urbanized, Syn. urbanisation | | urbanization | (n) the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban, Syn. urbanisation | | urbanize | (v) make more industrial or city-like, Syn. urbanise | | urbanize | (v) impart urban habits, ways of life, or responsibilities upon, Syn. urbanise | | urban legend | (n) a story that appears mysteriously and spreads spontaneously in various forms and is usually false; contains elements of humor or horror and is popularly believed to be true | | urban planning | (n) the branch of architecture dealing with the design and organization of urban space and activities | | urban renewal | (n) the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums | | urban v | (n) French pope from 1362 to 1370 who tried to reestablish the papacy in Rome but in 1367 returned to Avignon hoping to end the war between France and England; canonized in 1870 (1310-1370), Syn. Guillaume de Grimoard | | urban vi | (n) Italian pope from 1378 to 1389 whose contested election began the Great Schism; he alienated his political allies by his ruthless treatment of his opponents (1318-1389), Syn. Bartolomeo Prignano | | urban viii | (n) Italian pope from 1623 to 1644 who sanctioned the condemnation of Galileo but later freed him (1568-1644), Syn. Maffeo Barberini | | affective disorder | (n) any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant, Syn. major affective disorder, emotional disorder, emotional disturbance | | affray | (n) a noisy fight, Syn. disturbance, fray, ruffle | | city | (n) a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts, Syn. urban center, metropolis | | city planning | (n) determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a community, Syn. town planning, urban planning | | conurbation | (n) an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities, Syn. urban sprawl, sprawl | | disorderly conduct | (n) any act of molesting, interrupting, hindering, agitating, or arousing from a state of repose or otherwise depriving inhabitants of the peace and quiet to which they are entitled, Syn. disorderly behavior, breach of the peace, disturbance of the peace | | garden huckleberry | (n) improved garden variety of black nightshade having small edible orange or black berries, Syn. wonderberry, sunberry, Solanum nigrum guineese, Solanum burbankii, Solanum melanocerasum | | herb bennet | (n) hairy Eurasian plant with small yellow flowers and an astringent root formerly used medicinally, Syn. cloveroot, clover-root, Geum urbanum, wood avens | | mental disorder | (n) (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness, Syn. disturbance, mental disturbance, folie, psychological disorder | | murine typhus | (n) acute infection caused by rickettsia and transmitted by the bite of an infected flea; characterized by fever and chills and muscle aches and a rash, Syn. urban typhus, endemic typhus, rat typhus | | noise | (n) electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication, Syn. disturbance, interference | | outburst | (n) a sudden violent disturbance, Syn. tumultuous disturbance | | perturbation | (n) activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption, Syn. disturbance |
| | Disturbance | n. [ OF. destorbance. ] 1. An interruption of a state of peace or quiet; derangement of the regular course of things; disquiet; disorder; as, a disturbance of religious exercises; a disturbance of the galvanic current. [ 1913 Webster ] 2. Confusion of the mind; agitation of the feelings; perplexity; uneasiness. [ 1913 Webster ] Any man . . . in a state of disturbance and irritation. Burke. [ 1913 Webster ] 3. Violent agitation in the body politic; public commotion; tumult. [ 1913 Webster ] The disturbance was made to support a general accusation against the province. Bancroft. [ 1913 Webster ] 4. (Law) The hindering or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable enjoyment of his right; the interruption of a right; as, the disturbance of a franchise, of common, of ways, and the like. Blackstone. Syn. -- Tumult; brawl; commotion; turmoil; uproar; hubbub; disorder; derangement; confusion; agitation; perturbation; annoyance. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Indisturbance | n. Freedom from disturbance; calmness; repose; apathy; indifference. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Interurban | a. Going between, or connecting, cities or towns; as, interurban electric railways. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ] | | Inurbane | a. [ L. inurbanus. See In- not, and Urbane. ] Uncivil; unpolished; rude. Opposite of urbane. M. Arnold. -- In`ur*bane"ly, adv. -- In`ur*bane"ness, n. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Inurbanity | n. [ Cf. F. inurbanité. ] Lack of urbanity or courtesy; unpolished manners or deportment; inurbaneness; rudeness. Bp. Hall. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Perturbance | n. Disturbance; perturbation. [ R. ] “Perturbance of the mind.” Sharp. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Suburban | a. [ L. suburbanus. ] Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the suburbs of a city. “Suburban taverns.” Longfellow. [ 1913 Webster ] Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . .
Delight the citizen. Cowper. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Suburban | n. One who dwells in the suburbs. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Turban | n. [ OE. turband, turbant, tolibant, F. turban, It. turbante, Turk. tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. dulband. Cf. Tulip. ] 1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by many Muslims of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck. [ 1913 Webster ] 2. A kind of headdress worn by women. [ 1913 Webster ] 3. (Zool.) The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Turband | n. A turban. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind.). [ 1913 Webster ] | | Turbaned | a. Wearing a turban. “ A malignant and a turbaned Turk.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Turban-shell | n. (Zool.) A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; -- popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Turbant | n. A turban. [ Obs. ] Milton. [ 1913 Webster ] I see the Turk nodding with his turbant. Howell. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Turban-top | n. (Bot.) A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus (Helvella esculenta syn. Gyromitra esculenta.). [ 1913 Webster ] | | Urban | a. [ L. urbanus belonging to the &unr_;ity or town, refined, polished, fr. urbs, urbis, a city: cf. F. urbain. Cf. Urbane. ] [ 1913 Webster ] 1. Of or belonging to a city or town; as, an urban population. [ 1913 Webster ] 2. Belonging to, or suiting, those living in a city; cultivated; polite; urbane; as, urban manners. [ 1913 Webster ]
Urban servitude. See Predial servitude, under Servitude. [ 1913 Webster ]
| | Urbane | a. [ See Urban. ] Courteous in manners; polite; refined; elegant. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Urbaniste | n. (Bot.) A large and delicious pear or Flemish origin. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Urbanity | n. [ L. urbanitas; cf. F. urbanité. ] [ 1913 Webster ] 1. The quality or state of being urbane; civility or courtesy of manners; politeness; refinement. [ 1913 Webster ] The marquis did the honors of his house with the urbanity of his country. W. Irving. [ 1913 Webster ] 2. Polite wit; facetiousness. [ Obs. ] Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ] Raillery in the sauce of civil entertainment; and without some such tincture of urbanity, good humor falters. L'Estrange. [ 1913 Webster ] Syn. -- Politeness; suavity; affability; courtesy. [ 1913 Webster ] | | Urbanize | v. t. To render urban, or urbane; to refine; to polish. Howell. [ 1913 Webster ] |
| | 闹 | [nào, ㄋㄠˋ, 闹 / 鬧] make noise or disturbance #2,260 [Add to Longdo] | | 城区 | [chéng qū, ㄔㄥˊ ㄑㄩ, 城 区 / 城 區] city district; urban district #4,482 [Add to Longdo] | | 骚 | [sāo, ㄙㄠ, 骚 / 騷] trouble; a disturbance; a rumpus #7,263 [Add to Longdo] | | 郊区 | [jiāo qū, ㄐㄧㄠ ㄑㄩ, 郊 区 / 郊 區] suburban district; outskirts; suburbs #7,977 [Add to Longdo] | | 城市化 | [chéng shì huà, ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ, 城 市 化] urbanization #8,646 [Add to Longdo] | | 风波 | [fēng bō, ㄈㄥ ㄅㄛ, 风 波 / 風 波] disturbance; crisis; disputes; restlessness #9,731 [Add to Longdo] | | 巾 | [jīn, ㄐㄧㄣ, 巾] towel; kerchief; turban #10,928 [Add to Longdo] | | 骚乱 | [sāo luàn, ㄙㄠ ㄌㄨㄢˋ, 骚 乱 / 騷 亂] disturbance; riot; to create a disturbance #13,188 [Add to Longdo] | | 噪 | [zào, ㄗㄠˋ, 噪] the chirping of birds or insects; noise; clamor; buzzing; disturbance #16,270 [Add to Longdo] | | 后顾之忧 | [hòu gù zhī yōu, ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄨˋ ㄓ ㄧㄡ, 后 顾 之 忧 / 後 顧 之 憂] (set phrase) disturbance in the rear, trouble back home, family worries #17,993 [Add to Longdo] | | 闹事 | [nào shì, ㄋㄠˋ ㄕˋ, 闹 事 / 鬧 事] cause trouble; create a disturbance #18,187 [Add to Longdo] | | 包头 | [bāo tóu, ㄅㄠ ㄊㄡˊ, 包 头 / 包 頭] turban; headband #19,112 [Add to Longdo] | | 骚动 | [sāo dòng, ㄙㄠ ㄉㄨㄥˋ, 骚 动 / 騷 動] disturbance; uproar #20,705 [Add to Longdo] | | 起哄 | [qǐ hòng, ㄑㄧˇ ㄏㄨㄥˋ, 起 哄 / 起 鬨] to heckle; rowdy jeering; to create a disturbance #24,725 [Add to Longdo] | | 头巾 | [tóu jīn, ㄊㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄣ, 头 巾 / 頭 巾] head-covering (for men in ancient clothes); kerchief; scarf; turban #29,428 [Add to Longdo] | | 事端 | [shì duān, ㄕˋ ㄉㄨㄢ, 事 端] disturbance; incident #31,111 [Add to Longdo] | | 扰动 | [rǎo dòng, ㄖㄠˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ, 扰 动 / 擾 動] disturbance; agitation; turmoil #36,274 [Add to Longdo] | | 彬彬有礼 | [bīn bīn yǒu lǐ, ㄅㄧㄣ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧˇ, 彬 彬 有 礼 / 彬 彬 有 禮] refined and courteous; urbane #38,255 [Add to Longdo] | | 娆 | [rǎo, ㄖㄠˇ, 娆 / 嬈] disturbance #57,725 [Add to Longdo] | | 德班 | [Dé bān, ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄢ, 德 班] Durban (city in South Africa) #67,210 [Add to Longdo] | | 弹压 | [tán yā, ㄊㄢˊ ㄧㄚ, 弹 压 / 彈 壓] to suppress; to quell (a disturbance); repression #75,545 [Add to Longdo] | | 黄巾起义 | [huáng jīn qǐ yì, ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄑㄧˇ ㄧˋ, 黄 巾 起 义 / 黃 巾 起 義] Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184) #131,779 [Add to Longdo] | | 包巾 | [bāo jīn, ㄅㄠ ㄐㄧㄣ, 包 巾] headscarf; turban #148,530 [Add to Longdo] | | 古尔班通古特沙漠 | [gǔ ěr bān tōng gǔ tè shā mò, ㄍㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄅㄢ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄕㄚ ㄇㄛˋ, 古 尔 班 通 古 特 沙 漠 / 古 爾 班 通 古 特 沙 漠] Gurbantunggut Desert #150,872 [Add to Longdo] | | 唣 | [zào, ㄗㄠˋ, 唣] see 羅唣|罗唣, to create a disturbance; to make trouble; to harass #197,611 [Add to Longdo] | | 鞨 | [hé, ㄏㄜˊ, 鞨] buskin; name of a tribe; turban #263,953 [Add to Longdo] | | 幞 | [fú, ㄈㄨˊ, 幞] old form of turban; variant of 袱, cloth wrapper for bundles #307,792 [Add to Longdo] | | 襆 | [pú, ㄆㄨˊ, 襆] hemless skirt; hood; turban #790,759 [Add to Longdo] | | 城市规划 | [chéng shì guī huà, ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄏㄨㄚˋ, 城 市 规 划 / 城 市 規 劃] urbanism [Add to Longdo] | | 市区 | [shì qū, ㄕˋ ㄑㄩ, 市 区 / 市 區] urban district; downtown; city center [Add to Longdo] | | 张角 | [Zhāng Jué, ㄓㄤ ㄐㄩㄝˊ, 张 角 / 張 角] Zhang Jue (-184), leader of the Yellow turban rebels during the late Han [Add to Longdo] | | 红巾军 | [hóng jīn jūn, ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄩㄣ, 红 巾 军 / 紅 巾 軍] the Red Turbans, peasant rebellion at the end of the Yuan dynasty [Add to Longdo] | | 罗唣 | [luó zào, ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄗㄠˋ, 罗 唣 / 羅 唣] to create a disturbance; to make trouble; to harass [Add to Longdo] | | 罗皂 | [luó zào, ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄗㄠˋ, 罗 皂 / 羅 皂] to create a disturbance; to make trouble; to harass [Add to Longdo] | | 跑酷 | [Pǎo kù, ㄆㄠˇ ㄎㄨˋ, 跑 酷] Le Parkour, a French sport invented by David Belle in 1980s, with aim of moving around urban areas; also written 飛躍道|飞跃道 [Add to Longdo] | | 都市传奇 | [dū shì chuán qí, ㄉㄨ ㄕˋ ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ, 都 市 传 奇 / 都 市 傳 奇] urban legend (translation of recent western term); story or theory circulated as true; same as 都會傳奇|都会传奇 [Add to Longdo] | | 都会传奇 | [dū huì chuán qí, ㄉㄨ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ, 都 会 传 奇 / 都 會 傳 奇] urban legend (translation of recent western term); story or theory circulated as true; same as 都市傳奇|都市传奇 [Add to Longdo] | | 飞跃道 | [fēi yuè dào, ㄈㄟ ㄩㄝˋ ㄉㄠˋ, 飞 跃 道 / 飛 躍 道] Le Parkour, a French sport invented by David Belle in 1980s, with aim of moving around urban areas); also written 飛躍道|飞跃道 [Add to Longdo] | | 黄巾 | [huáng jīn, ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ, 黄 巾 / 黃 巾] refers to the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184) [Add to Longdo] | | 黄巾之乱 | [huáng jīn zhī luàn, ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄓ ㄌㄨㄢˋ, 黄 巾 之 乱 / 黃 巾 之 亂] the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184) [Add to Longdo] | | 黄巾民变 | [huáng jīn mín biàn, ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ, 黄 巾 民 变 / 黃 巾 民 變] the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184) [Add to Longdo] | | 黄巾军 | [huáng jīn jūn, ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄩㄣ, 黄 巾 军 / 黃 巾 軍] the army of Yellow Turbans, a peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184) [Add to Longdo] |
| | 都市 | [とし, toshi] TH: ในเมือง EN: urban |
| | | 都市 | [とし, toshi] (n, adj-no) town; city; municipal; urban; (P) #427 [Add to Longdo] | | 変(P);變(oK) | [へん, hen] (adj-na, n) (1) strange; odd; peculiar; weird; curious; queer; eccentric; funny; suspicious; fishy; (2) unexpected; (3) change; (4) incident; disturbance; disaster; accident; (n-pref) (5) (See 変ロ短調) flat (music); (P) #3,335 [Add to Longdo] | | 妨害(P);妨碍;妨礙 | [ぼうがい, bougai] (n, vs, adj-no) disturbance; obstruction; hindrance; jamming; interference; (P) #4,667 [Add to Longdo] | | 府立 | [ふりつ, furitsu] (adj-no, n) managed by an urban prefecture; (P) #5,230 [Add to Longdo] | | 市街 | [しがい, shigai] (n, adj-no) urban areas; the streets; town; city; (P) #6,964 [Add to Longdo] | | 都心 | [としん, toshin] (n) city centre (center) (esp. capital city); urban centre; heart of city a metropolis; (P) #7,315 [Add to Longdo] | | 騒ぎ | [さわぎ, sawagi] (n, n-suf) uproar; disturbance; (P) #12,086 [Add to Longdo] | | 乱れ | [みだれ, midare] (n) disorder; disturbance; unrest; (P) #13,985 [Add to Longdo] | | 動揺 | [どうよう, douyou] (n, vs) disturbance; unrest; shaking; trembling; pitching; rolling; oscillation; agitation; excitement; commotion; (P) #14,106 [Add to Longdo] | | 困惑 | [こんわく, konwaku] (n, vs) bewilderment; disturbance; (P) #14,737 [Add to Longdo] | | 動乱 | [どうらん, douran] (n, vs, adj-no) disturbance; agitation; commotion; upheaval; riot; (P) #18,577 [Add to Longdo] | | 戦乱 | [せんらん, senran] (n, adj-no) wars; disturbances #19,970 [Add to Longdo] | | ひと騒動;一騒動 | [ひとそうどう, hitosoudou] (n) disturbance; kerfuffle [Add to Longdo] | | アーバニズム | [a-banizumu] (n) urbanism [Add to Longdo] | | アーバニティ | [a-banitei] (n) urbanity [Add to Longdo] | | アーバニティー | [a-banitei-] (n) urbanity [Add to Longdo] | | アーバン | [a-ban] (n) urban; (P) [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンエクソダス | [a-ban'ekusodasu] (n) urban exodus [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンコンプレックス | [a-bankonpurekkusu] (n) urban complex [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンスプロール | [a-bansupuro-ru] (n) urban sprawl [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンツイル | [a-bantsuiru] (n) urban twill (fabric) [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンデクライン | [a-bandekurain] (n) urban decline [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンデザイナー | [a-bandezaina-] (n) urban designer [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンデザイン | [a-bandezain] (n) urban design [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンビレッジ | [a-banbirejji] (n) urban village [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンファーニチャー | [a-banfa-nicha-] (n) urban furniture [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンファミリー | [a-banfamiri-] (n) urban family [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンブルース | [a-banburu-su] (n) urban blues [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンプランナー | [a-banpuranna-] (n) urban planner [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンライフ | [a-banraifu] (n) urban life [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンリゾート | [a-banrizo-to] (n) urban resort [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンリニューアル | [a-banrinyu-aru] (n) urban renewal [Add to Longdo] | | アーバンリニュアル | [a-banrinyuaru] (n) urban renewal [Add to Longdo] | | アーベイン | [a-bein] (adj-no) urbane [Add to Longdo] | | ターバン | [ta-ban] (n) turban [Add to Longdo] | | ドーナツ化現象 | [ドーナツかげんしょう, do-natsu kagenshou] (n) doughnut phenomenon; combination of urban sprawl and inner-city decay [Add to Longdo] | | ヤッピー | [yappi-] (n, adj-no) yuppie; young urban professional [Add to Longdo] | | ラーバン | [ra-ban] (n) rurban (area); rural and urban [Add to Longdo] | | 意識障害 | [いしきしょうがい, ishikishougai] (n) disturbance of consciousness [Add to Longdo] | | 運動障害 | [うんどうしょうがい, undoushougai] (n) dyskinesia; motor impairment; motor disturbance [Add to Longdo] | | 栄螺;拳螺;蠑螺 | [さざえ;さざい(栄螺);サザエ, sazae ; sazai ( sakae neji ); sazae] (n) (uk) turban shell (any mollusc of the family Turbinidae, esp. the horned turban, Turbo cornutus) [Add to Longdo] | | 黄巾の乱 | [こうきんのらん, koukinnoran] (n) Yellow Turban Rebellion (China, 184 CE) [Add to Longdo] | | 下屋敷 | [しもやしき, shimoyashiki] (n) villa; daimyo's suburban residence [Add to Longdo] | | 撹乱;攪乱;かく乱 | [かくらん;こうらん(撹乱;攪乱), kakuran ; kouran ( kakuran ; kakuran )] (n, vs) disturbance; perturbation; derangement [Add to Longdo] | | 撹乱戦術;攪乱戦術 | [かくらんせんじゅつ, kakuransenjutsu] (n) disturbance tactics [Add to Longdo] | | 撹乱戦法;攪乱戦法 | [かくらんせんぽう, kakuransenpou] (n) disturbance strategy [Add to Longdo] | | 割れ窓理論 | [われまどりろん, waremadoriron] (n) broken windows theory; criminological theory stating that serious crime can be prevented by maintaining the good physical condition of an urban environment [Add to Longdo] | | 滑稽洒脱 | [こっけいしゃだつ, kokkeishadatsu] (n, adj-na) smooth-talking and polished; witty; free, easy, and urbane [Add to Longdo] | | 京風 | [きょうふう, kyoufuu] (n) Kyoto style; urbanity; refinement [Add to Longdo] | | 郷友会 | [きょうゆうかい, kyouyuukai] (n) social organisation for people originating from the same town, village, or island who live in an urban center far from home (predominantly used by people from Okinawa) [Add to Longdo] |
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