n. [ Cf. F. accouplement. ] 1. The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union. [ R. ] Caxton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which couples, as a tie or brace. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Babble. Hawthorne. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The process or act of baffling, or of being baffled; frustration; check.

n. [ OE. batelment; cf. OF. bataillement combat, fr. batailler, also OF. bastillier, bateillier, to fortify. Cf. Battle, n., Bastile, Bastion. ] (Arch.) (a) One of the solid upright parts of a parapet in ancient fortifications. (b) pl. The whole parapet, consisting of alternate solids and open spaces. At first purely a military feature, afterwards copied on a smaller scale with decorative features, as for churches. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Having battlements. [ 1913 Webster ]

A battlemented portal. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of beguiling, or the state of being beguiled. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A brabble. [ R. ] Holland. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Wrangle; brangle. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery. Coleridge. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Clemency. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Clemencies [ L. clementia, fr. clemens mild, calm. ] 1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders; mildness of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy. [ 1913 Webster ]

Great clemency and tender zeal toward their subjects. Stowe. [ 1913 Webster ]

They had applied for the royal clemency. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Mildness or softness of the elements; as, the clemency of the season.

Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy; gentleness; compassion; kindness. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. clemens; -entis; cf. F. cl&unr_;ment. ] Mild in temper and disposition; merciful; compassionate. Shak.

-- Clem"ent*ly, adv. [1913 Webster]

a. Of or pertaining to Clement, esp. to St. Clement of Rome and the spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and his compilations of canon law. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Compilation. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. complementun: cf. F. complément. See Complete, v. t., and cf. Compliment. ] 1. That which fills up or completes; the quantity or number required to fill a thing or make it complete. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which is required to supply a deficiency, or to complete a symmetrical whole. [ 1913 Webster ]

History is the complement of poetry. Sir J. Stephen. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete set; completeness. [ 1913 Webster ]

To exceed his complement and number appointed him which was one hundred and twenty persons. Hakluyt. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Math.) A second quantity added to a given quantity to make it equal to a third given quantity. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Something added for ornamentation; an accessory. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Without vain art or curious complements. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. (Naut.) The whole working force of a vessel. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Mus.) The interval wanting to complete the octave; -- the fourth is the complement of the fifth, the sixth of the third. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. A compliment. [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm. See under Logarithm. --
Arithmetical complement of a number (Math.), the difference between that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4 is the complement of 6, and 16 of 84. --
Complement of an arc or
Complement of an angle (Geom.), the difference between that arc or angle and 90°. --
Complement of a parallelogram. (Math.) See Gnomon. --
In her complement (Her.), said of the moon when represented as full. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. 1. To supply a lack; to supplement. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To compliment. [ Obs. ] Jer. Taylor. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency; fully completing. “Complemental ceremony.” Prynne. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Complimentary; courteous. [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Complemental air (Physiol.), the air (averaging 100 cubic inches) which can be drawn into the lungs in addition to the tidal air, by the deepest possible inspiration. --
Complemental males (Zool.), peculiar small males living parasitically on the ordinary hermaphrodite individuals of certain barnacles. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Serving to fill out or to complete; as, complementary numbers. [ 1913 Webster ]

Complementary colors. See under Color. --
Complementary angles (Math.), two angles whose sum is 90°. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ See Complimentary. ] One skilled in compliments. [ Obs. ] B. Jonson. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Linguistics) the grammatical relation of a word or phrase to a predicate. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. Condolence. “A pitiful condolement.” Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Sorrow; mourning; lamentation. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. OF. couplement. ] Union; combination; a coupling; a pair. [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

And forth together rode, a goodly couplement. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Dazzling flash, glare, or burst of light. Donne. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. défilement. See Defile ] (Mil.) The protection of the interior walls of a fortification from an enfilading fire, as by covering them, or by a high parapet on the exposed side. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From 3d Defile. ] The act of defiling, or state of being defiled, whether physically or morally; pollution; foulness; dirtiness; uncleanness. [ 1913 Webster ]

Defilements of the flesh. Hopkins. [ 1913 Webster ]

The chaste can not rake into such filth without danger of defilement. Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state of being dimpled, or marked with gentle depressions. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The ground's most gentle dimplement. Mrs. Browning. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Deprivation of ability; incapacity. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of disentangling or clearing from difficulties. Warton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of unsettling, or the state of being unsettled. Marvell. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act or process of dwindling; a dwindling. [ R. ] Mrs. Oliphant. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. élément, L. elementum. ] 1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The elements are naturally classified in several families or groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, and also equal to the number of electrons in orbitals around the nucleus when the atom is neutral. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic numbers, the arrangement constitutes the series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known in 1890 were about seventy-five, but at that time the gaps in the Periodic law indicated the possibility of many more. All of the elements up to atomic number 100 have now been observed though some are radioactive and very unstable, and in some cases cannot be accumulated in quantity sufficient to actually see by eye. The properties predicted by the periodic law wre close to the observed properties in many cases. Additional unstable elements of atomic number over 100 are observed from time to time, prepared in cyclotrons, particle acclerators, or nuclear reactors, and some of their properties are measurable by careful observation of microscopic quantities, as few as several atoms. For such unstable elements, the properties are now predicted primarily by calculations based on quantum mechanics. Such theories suggest that there may be an "island" of relative stability of elements of atomic number over 120, but this has yet to be confirmed by experiment.
Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. The chemical elements are now known not be simple bodies, but only combinations of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons; ahd protons and neutrons are now believed to be themselves combinations of quarks, particles which are not observed singly, but only in combinations.
In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin, given in the table below. The atomic weights given in the table below are the
chemical atomic weights, in some cases being the weighted average of the atomic weights of individual isotopes, each having a different atomic weight. The atomic weight of the individual isotopes are called the physical atomic weights. In those few cases where there is only one stable isotope of an element, the chemical and physical atomic weights are the same. The mass-spectrometric atomic weights are those used for careful mass-spectrometric measurements. For more details about individual elements, see the element names in the vocabulary

The Elements
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 Name |Sym-| Atomic Weight |
 |bol | O=16 | H=1 | C=12.000
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 Aluminum | Al | 27.1 | 26.9 |
 Antimony (Stibium) | Sb | 120 | 119.1 |
 Argon | A | 39.9 | 39.6 |
 Arsenic | As | 75 | 74.4 |
 Astatine | At |
 Barium | Ba | 137.4 | 136.4 |
 Beryllium | Be |
 Bismuth | Bi | 208.5 | 206.9 |
 Boron | B | 11 | 10.9 |
 Bromine | Br | 79.96 | 79.36|
 Cadmium | Cd | 112.4 | 111.6 |
 Cesium (Caesium) | Cs | 133 | 132 |
 Calcium | Ca | 40 | 39.7 |
 Carbon | C | 12 | 11.91| 12.000
 Cerium | Ce | 140 | 139 |
 Chlorine | Cl | 35.45 | 35.18|
 Chromium | Cr | 52.1 | 51.7 |
 Cobalt | Co |
 Columbium (see Beryllium)
 Copper | Cu |
 (Cuprum)
 Erbium | Er |
 Europium | Eu |
 Einsteinium | Es |
 Fermium | Fe |
 Fluorine | F |
 Gadolinium | Gd |
 Gallium | Ga |
 Germanium | Ge |
 Glucinum (now Beryllium)
 Gold (Aurum) | Au |
 Helium | He |
 Hydrogen | H |
 Indium | In |
 Iodine | I |
 Iridium | Ir |
 Iron | Fe |
 (Ferrum)
 Krypton | Kr |
 Lanthanum | La |
 Lead | Pb |
 (Plumbum)
 Lithium | Li |
 Magnesium | Mg |
 Manganese | Mn |
 Mercury | Hg |
 (Hydrargyrum)
 Molybdenum | Mo |
 Neodymium | Nd |
 Neon | Ne |
 Nickel | Ni |
 Niobium | Nb |
 (see Columbium)
 Nitrogen | N |
 Osmium | Os |
 Oxygen | O |
 Palladium | Pd |
 Phosphorus | P |
 Platinum | Pt |
 Potassium | K |
 (Kalium)
 Praseodymium | Pr |
 Rhodium | Rh |
 Rubidium | Rb |
 Ruthenium | Ru |
 Samarium | Sa |
 Scandium | Sc |
 Selenium | Se |
 Silicon | Si |
 Silver | Ag |
 (Argentum)
 Sodium | Na |
 (Natrium)
 Strontium | Sr |
 Sulphur | S |
 Tantalum | Ta |
 Tellurium | Te |
 Thallium | Tl |
 Thorium | Th |
 Thulium | Tu |
 Tin | Sn |
 (Stannum)
 Titanium | Ti |
 Tungsten | W |
 (Wolframium)
 Uranium | U |
 Vanadium | V |
 Wolfranium (see Tungsten)
 Xenon | X |
 Ytterbium | Yb |
 Yttrium | Y |
 Zinc | Zn |
 Zirconium | Zr |
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 [ 1913 Webster ]

Several other elements have been announced, as holmium, vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases their existence, have not yet been definitely established. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the elements of granite. [ 1913 Webster ]

The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn. Jowett (Thucyd.). [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (a) One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb. (b) (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism, as a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Biol.) One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and organs, are composed. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. (Math.) (a) An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an element may be the infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated an indefinitely small distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes used as synonymous with differential. (b) Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered as described by a moving point, or curve, or surface, the latter being at any instant called an element of the former. (c) One of the terms in an algebraic expression. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; as, the elements of a planet's orbit. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. pl. The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the elements of geometry, or of music. [ 1913 Webster ]

9. pl. Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question; as, the elements of a plan. [ 1913 Webster ]

10. One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter. (a) The four elements were, air, earth, water, and fire; whence it is said, water is the proper element of fishes; air is the element of birds. Hence, the state or sphere natural to anything or suited for its existence. [ 1913 Webster ]

Of elements
The grosser feeds the purer: Earth the Sea;
Earth and the Sea feed Air; the Air those Fires
Ethereal. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

Does not our life consist of the four elements? Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

And the complexion of the element [ i. e., the sky or air ]
In favor's like the work we have in hand,
Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

About twelve ounces [ of food ], with mere element for drink. Cheyne. [ 1913 Webster ]

They show that they are out of their element. T. Baker.

Esp., the conditions and movements of the air. “The elements be kind to thee.” (b) The elements of the alchemists were salt, sulphur, and mercury. Brande & C. [ 1913 Webster ]

11. pl. The whole material composing the world. [ 1913 Webster ]

The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Peter iii. 10. [ 1913 Webster ]

12. pl. (Eccl.) The bread and wine used in the eucharist or Lord's supper. [ 1913 Webster ]

Magnetic element, one of the hypothetical elementary portions of which a magnet is regarded as made up. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. 1. To compound of elements or first principles. [ Obs. ] “[ Love ] being elemented too.” Donne. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To constitute; to make up with elements. [ 1913 Webster ]

His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness. Walton. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world; as, elemental air. “Elemental strife.” Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary; elementary. “The elemental rules of erudition.” Cawthorn. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. The theory that the heathen divinities originated in the personification of elemental powers. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The condition of being composed of elements, or a thing so composed. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. According to elements; literally; as, the words, “Take, eat; this is my body, ” elementally understood. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Elementary. [ Obs. ] Skelton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state of being elementary; original simplicity; uncompounded state. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Elementariness. [ Obs. ] Sir T. Browne. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. elementarius: cf. F. élémentaire. ] 1. Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an elementary substance. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; as, an elementary treatise. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire. “Some luminous and fiery impressions in the elementary region.” J. Spencer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Instruction in the elements or first principles. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Element + -oid. ] Resembling an element. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. An intended parapet; a battlement. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of battlements. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been intrusted; as, the embezzlement by a clerk of his employer's money; embezzlement of public funds by the public officer having them in charge. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Larceny denotes a taking, by fraud or stealth, from another's possession; embezzlement denotes an appropriation, by fraud or stealth, of property already in the wrongdoer's possession. In England and in most of the United States embezzlement is made indictable by statute. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. embleer to sow with corn, F. emblaver, fr. LL. imbladare; pref. in- + LL. bladum grain, F. blé. ] (Law) The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of grass, trees, and the like, is not emblement. Wharton's Law Dict. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. empalement, fr. empaler. See Empale. ] [ Written also impalement. ] 1. A fencing, inclosing, or fortifying with stakes. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A putting to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Her.) Same as Impalement. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of weakening; enervation; weakness. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The act of making noble, or of exalting, dignifying, or advancing to nobility. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which ennobles; excellence; dignity. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. entablement, LL. intabulamentum. ] See Entablature. [ R. ] Evelyn. [ 1913 Webster ]