| Salmon | n.; pl. Salmons it>or (collectively) Salmon. [ OE. saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis, perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. Sally, v. ] 1. (Zool.) Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat. [ 1913 Webster ] [ 1913 Webster ] ☞ The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are:
Black salmon, or
Lake salmon, the namaycush. --
Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). --
Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). --
King salmon, the quinnat. --
Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon. [ 1913 Webster ] Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail. [ 1913 Webster ] 2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon. [ 1913 Webster ]
Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. --
Salmon killer (Zool.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. --
Salmon ladder,
Salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. --
Salmon peel, a young salmon. --
Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. --
Salmon trout. (Zool.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast. [ 1913 Webster ]
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| Salmonella | prop. n. [ After Daniel E. Salmon, a U. S. pathologist (1850-1914). ] A genus of gram-negative bacteria that may be motile or non-motile; they are typically rod-shaped and may be aerobic or facultatively aerobic. They may be pathogenic for humans and other animals. Their metabolism is fermentative, and they produce acid and usually gas from glucose, but they do not metabolize lactose. The type species is Salmonella cholerae-suis, which is found in pigs. Other species, pathogenic in man, are Salmonella typhi (Salmonella typhosa), Salmonella typhimurium, and Salmonella schotmulleri, whih cause typhoid fever, food poisoning, and enteric fever, respectively. Stedman. [ PJC ] |
