(n) a tense of verbs used in describing action that has been completed (sometimes regarded as perfective aspect), Syn.perfect, perfective tense, perfect tense
a. 1. Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring to perfection; -- usually followed by of. “A perfective alteration.” Fuller. [ 1913 Webster ]
Actions perfective of their natures. Ray. [ 1913 Webster ]
2. (Gram.) Denoting an aspect of verbs which indicates completion of an action, and is sometimes explicitly marked in verbal inflection, as in the Russian language; as, the perfective form of a verb. The use of a perfective form rather than the simple past indicates reference to a completed event, rather than to a process that took place in the past. [ PJC ]
[reru ; rareru] (aux-v, v1) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形, 迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions #41[Add to Longdo]
[u] (aux-v) (1) (after the imperfective form of certain verbs and adjectives) indicates speculation; (2) indicates will; (3) indicates invitation #63[Add to Longdo]
[seru ; saseru] (aux-v, v1) (1) (せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段; follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs; senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す) auxiliary verb indicating the causative; (2) (hum) (usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc.) auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something; (3) auxiliary verb used to make verbs more "active"; (4) (hon) (as 〜(さ)せられる, 〜あら(さ)せられる, 〜(さ)せ給う, etc.) auxiliary verb used as an extreme honorific for others' actions #540[Add to Longdo]
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