{ } n. [ OE. algorism, algrim, augrim, OF. algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp. algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL. algorismus), fr. the Ar. al-Khowārezmī of Khowārezm, the modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Musā, author of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin, such books bearing the name algorismus. The spelling with th is due to a supposed connection with Gr. &unr_; number. ] 1. The art of calculating by nine figures and zero; computation with Arabic figures. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. the Arabic system of numeration.
Syn. -- decimal system [ WordNet 1.5 ]

3. The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem; a set of procedures guaranteed to find the solution to a problem.
Syn. -- algorithmic rule, algorithmic program [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

adj. 1. of or pertaining to an algorithm. recursive [ 1913 Webster ]

2. definitively solvable by a finite number of steps; -- said of mathematical or logical problems. Contrasted with heuristic. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

{ } a. [ L. ala wing + E. ethomoid. ] (Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid bone or cartilage. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. anti- + asthmatic. ] (Med.) Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma. -- n. A remedy for asthma. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. anti- + asthmatic. ] (Med.) Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma. -- n. A remedy for asthma. AS [ 1913 Webster ]

a. & n. Same as Antasthmatic. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Math.) The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. -- An`ti*log`a*rith"mic a. [1913 Webster]

‖n. [ Gr. &unr_;, from &unr_; to count off or over. ] (Rhet.) Enumeration of parts or particulars. [ 1913 Webster ]

/mhw>, a. See Arrhizal, Arrhizous, Arrhythmic, Arrhythmous. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. &unr_; number + -mancy. ] Divination by means of numbers. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. arsmetike, OF. arismetique, L. arithmetica, fr. Gr. &unr_; (sc. &unr_;), fr. &unr_; arithmetical, fr. &unr_; to number, fr. &unr_; number, prob. fr. same root as E. arm, the idea of counting coming from that of fitting, attaching. See Arm. The modern Eng. and French forms are accommodated to the Greek. ] 1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A book containing the principles of this science. [ 1913 Webster ]

Arithmetic of sines, trigonometry. --
Political arithmetic, the application of the science of numbers to problems in civil government, political economy, and social science. --
Universal arithmetic, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to algebra. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic. [ 1913 Webster ]

Arithmetical complement of a logarithm. See Logarithm. --
Arithmetical mean. See Mean. --
Arithmetical progression. See Progression. --
Arithmetical proportion. See Proportion. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. arithméticien. ] One skilled in arithmetic. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Arithmancy. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. &unr_; number + -meter: cf. F. arithmomètre. ] A calculating machine. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ Gr. &unr_;; 'a priv. + &unr_; rhythm. ] (Med.) Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. See Assythment. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From OF. aset, asez, orig. meaning enough. See Assets. ] Indemnification for injury; satisfaction. [ Chiefly in Scots law ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. &unr_; short-drawn breath, fr. &unr_; to blow, for &unr_;: cf. Skr. vā, Goth. waian, to blow, E. wind. ] (Med.) A disease, characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a cough, and expectoration. [ 1913 Webster ]

. Paper impregnated with saltpeter. The fumes from the burning paper are often inhaled as an alleviative by asthmatics. [ Archaic ] [ Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC ]

n. A person affected with asthma. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ L. asthmaticus, Gr. &unr_;. ] Of or pertaining to asthma; as, an asthmatic cough; liable to, or suffering from, asthma; as, an asthmatic patient. -- Asth*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [1913 Webster]

n. See Vital force. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a bequest. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of betrothing, or the state of being betrothed; betrothal. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Some peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth. [ 1913 Webster ]

Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a natural birthmark, . . . a snake. Sir T. North. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Earth + mad an earthworm. ] (Zoöl.) The earthworm. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The earthmads and all the sorts of worms . . . are without eyes. Holland. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Ect- + ethmoid. ] (Anat.) External to the ethmoid; prefrontal. [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>n. (Anat.) The ethmoid bone. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ Gr. &unr_; like a sieve; &unr_; sieve + &unr_; from: cf. F. ethmoïde, ethmoïdal. ] (Anat.) (a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone. [ 1913 Webster ]

Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Ethmoid + turbinal. ] See Turbinal. -- n. An ethmoturbinal bone. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Ethmoid + vomerine. ] (Anat.) Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull. [ 1913 Webster ]

Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. eurythmia, Gr. &unr_;; e'y^ well + &unr_; rhythm, measure, proportion, symmetry: cf. F. eurythmie. ] 1. (Fine Arts) Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as in the composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a statue. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Med.) Regularly of the pulse. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. Isthmius, Gr. &unr_;. See Isthmus. ] Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece. [ 1913 Webster ]

Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Isthmuses [ L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. eið isthmus. See Issue. ] (Geog.) A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

Isthmus of the fauces. (Anat.) See Fauces. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. lo`gos word, account, proportion + 'ariqmo`s number: cf. F. logarithme. ] (Math.) One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of multiplication and division. The relation of logarithms to common numbers is that of numbers in an arithmetical series to corresponding numbers in a geometrical series, so that sums and differences of the former indicate respectively products and quotients of the latter; thus,

 0 1 2 3 4 Indices or logarithms
 1 10 100 1000 10, 000 Numbers in geometrical progression
 

Hence, the logarithm of any given number is the exponent of a power to which another given invariable number, called the base, must be raised in order to produce that given number. Thus, let 10 be the base, then 2 is the logarithm of 100, because 102 = 100, and 3 is the logarithm of 1, 000, because 103 = 1, 000. [ 1913 Webster ]

Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference between a logarithm and the number ten. --
Binary logarithms. See under Binary. --
Common logarithms, or
Brigg's logarithms, logarithms of which the base is 10; -- so called from Henry Briggs, who invented them. --
Gauss's logarithms, tables of logarithms constructed for facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the sum of difference of two quantities from the logarithms of the quantities, one entry of those tables and two additions or subtractions answering the purpose of three entries of the common tables and one addition or subtraction. They were suggested by the celebrated German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (died in 1855), and are of great service in many astronomical computations. --
Hyperbolic logarithm or
Napierian logarithm or
Natural logarithm, a logarithm (devised by John Speidell, 1619) of which the base is e (2.718281828459045...); -- so called from Napier, the inventor of logarithms. --
Logistic logarithms or
Proportional logarithms, See under Logistic. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. See Logarithmic. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. Logarithmically. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ Cf. F. logarithmique. ] 1. Of or pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Using logarithms; as, logarithmic graph paper; a logarithmic scale. [ PJC ]

3. Having a logarithm in one or more of the unknowns; -- of an equation. [ PJC ]

Logarithmic curve (Math.), a curve which, referred to a system of rectangular coordinate axes, is such that the ordinate of any point will be the logarithm of its abscissa. --
Logarithmic spiral, a spiral curve such that radii drawn from its pole or eye at equal angles with each other are in continual proportion. See Spiral. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. By the use of logarithms. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Mes- + ethmoid. ] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the middle of the ethmoid region or ethmoid bone. -- n. (Anat.) The median vertical plate, or median element, of the ethmoid bone. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Meso- + logarithm : cf. F. mésologarithme. ] (Math.) A logarithm of the cosine or cotangent. [ Obs. ] Kepler. Hutton. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. [ OE. na the more. ] Not the more; never the more. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. not rhythmic. [ Narrower terms: unrhythmical (vs. rhythmical), unrhythmic ] [ WordNet 1.5 ]

prop. n.; pl. Northmen [ AS. norðman. See North, and Man, and cf. Norman. ] One of the inhabitants of the north of Europe; esp., one of the ancient Scandinavians; a Norseman. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ AS. norðmest. Cf. Aftermost. ] Lying farthest north; northernmost. [ 1913 Webster ]

Northmost part of the coast of Mozambique. De Foe. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. & a. See Ottoman. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. para- + ethmoid. ] (Anat.) Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone. [ 1913 Webster ]