{ ‖, n. [ NL. aërenchyma. See Aëro-; Enchyma. ] (Bot.) A secondary respiratory tissue or modified periderm, found in many aquatic plants and distinguished by the large intercellular spaces. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

. (Mech.) A kind of pipe wrench having a flaring jaw with teeth on one side. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. 1. 1 the French (Norman) language used in medieval England.
Syn. -- Anglo-Norman [ WordNet 1.5 ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Bedrenched (&unr_;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bedrenching. ] To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ Gr. &unr_; pit + &unr_; something poured in. Formed like parenchyma. ] (Bot.) Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in many kinds of wood. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Drenched p. pr. & vb. n. Drenching. ] [ AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the causal of drincan to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw. dränka, G. tränken. See Drink. ] 1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge violently by physic. [ 1913 Webster ]

As “to fell, ” is “to make to fall, ” and “to lay, ” to make to lie.” so “to drench, ” is “to make to drink.” Trench. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse. [ 1913 Webster ]

Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain;
Their moisture has already drenched the plain. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ AS. drenc. See Drench, v. t. ] A drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes purging. “A drench of wine.” Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

Give my roan horse a drench. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ AS. dreng warrior, soldier, akin to Icel. drengr. ] (O. Eng. Law) A military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book. [ Obs. ] Burrill. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. & i. To drown. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

In the sea he drenched. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. One who, or that which, west or steeps. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who administers a drench. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. 1. (Mil.) To surround with a trench or with intrenchments, as in fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet. Same as intrench. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. to establish in a position from which dislodgement is difficult; to place firmly in a strong position. [ PJC ]

3. To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon.
Syn. -- intrench. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. an entrenched fortification; a position protected by trenches.
Syn. -- intrenchment. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. the act or process of entrenching. [ PJC ]

prop. a. [ AS. frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L. Francus a Frank: cf. OF. franceis, franchois, françois, F. français. See Frank, a., and cf. Frankish. ] Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants. [ 1913 Webster ]

French bean (Bot.), the common kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). --
French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment. --
French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window. --
French chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under Chalk. --
French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See Bear's-ear. --
French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely. --
French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus Hedysarum (H. coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle. --
French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor de chasse. --
French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts. --
French pie [ French (here used in sense of “foreign”) + pie a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color) ] (Zool.), the European great spotted woodpecker (Dryobstes major); -- called also wood pie. --
French polish. (a) A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added. (b) The glossy surface produced by the application of the above. --
French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. Ure. --
French red rouge. --
French rice, amelcorn. --
French roof (Arch.), a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope. --
French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; -- called also plum tub. Ure. --
French window. See under Window. [ 1913 Webster ]

prop. n. 1. The language spoken in France. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Collectively, the people of France. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. pl. Strips of potatoes, usually cut with a rectangular cross-section, cooked by immersing in hot fat or oil. [ PJC ]

v. t. to cook by immersing in hot fat.
Syn. -- deep-fry. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Frenchified p. pr. & vb. n. Frenchifying. ] [ French + -fy. ] To make French; to infect or imbue with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize. Burke. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French language. Earle. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Frenchmen A native or one of the people of France. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. able to communicate in French.
Syn. -- Francophone, Francophonic. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. A dose of physic for a horse. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The appliance by which the dose is administered. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To overwhelm with water; to drench; to drown. [ Obs. ] Shak.

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Intrenched p. pr. & vb. n. Intrenching. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon. [ 1913 Webster ]

It was this very sword intrenched it. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

His face
Deep scars of thunder had intrenched. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To surround with a trench or with intrenchments, as in fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet; as, the army intrenched their camp, or intrenched itself. “In the suburbs close intrenched.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To invade; to encroach; to infringe or trespass; to enter on, and take possession of, that which belongs to another; -- usually followed by on or upon; as, the king was charged with intrenching on the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of intrenching on the prerogative of the crown. [ 1913 Webster ]

We are not to intrench upon truth in any conversation, but least of all with children. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. in- not + trenchant. ] Not to be gashed or marked with furrows. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

As easy mayest thou the intrenchant air
With thy keen sword impress, as make me bleed. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From Intrench. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. The act of intrenching or the state of being intrenched. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Mil.) Any defensive work consisting of at least a trench or ditch and a parapet made from the earth thrown up in making such a ditch. [ 1913 Webster ]

On our side, we have thrown up intrenchments on Winter and Prospect Hills. Washington. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Any defense or protection. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. An encroachment or infringement. [ 1913 Webster ]

The slight intrenchment upon individual freedom. Southey. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL., fr. Gr. &unr_; a part + -enchyma, as in parenchyma. ] (Bot.) Tissue composed of spheroidal cells. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A wrench or spanner which has one fixed and one adjustable jaw.
Syn. -- monkey wrench. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ NL., from Gr. pare`gchyma, fr. paregchei^n to pour in beside; para` beside + 'en in + chei^n to pour: cf. F. parenchyme. ] (Biol.) The soft cellular substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, the soft tissue of glands, and the like. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ Cf. F. parenchymateux. ] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. &unr_; side + &unr_;, as in parenchyma. ] (Bot.) A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Retrenched p. pr. & vb. n. Retrenching. ] [ OF. retrenchier, F. retrancher; pref. re- re- + OF. trenchier, F. trancher, to cut. See Trench. ] 1. To cut off; to pare away. [ 1913 Webster ]

Thy exuberant parts retrench. Denham. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses. [ 1913 Webster ]

But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To confine; to limit; to restrict. Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

These figures, ought they then to receive a retrenched interpretation? I. Taylor. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Fort.) To furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench bastions. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. retrenchment. ] 1. The act or process of retrenching; as, the retrenchment of words in a writing. [ 1913 Webster ]

The retrenchment of my expenses will convince you that &unr_; mean to replace your fortune as far as I can. Walpole. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Fort.) A work constructed within another, to prolong the defense of the position when the enemy has gained possession of the outer work; or to protect the defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a capitulation. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction; abridgment. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ NL., from Gr. sklhro`s hard + -enchyma as in parenchyma. ] 1. (Bot.) Vegetable tissue composed of short cells with thickened or hardened walls, as in nutshells and the gritty parts of a pear. See Sclerotic. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ By recent German writers and their English translators, this term is used for liber cells. Goodale. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Zool.) The hard calcareous deposit in the tissues of Anthozoa, constituting the stony corals. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. (Bot. & Zool.) Pertaining to, or composed of, sclerenchyma. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Sclerenchyma. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL., fr. Gr. &unr_;&unr_;&unr_; sphere + -enchyma as in parenchima. ] (Bot.) Vegetable tissue composed of thin-walled rounded cells, -- a modification of parenchyma. [ 1913 Webster ]

A pipe wrench having an adjustable L-shaped jaw piece sliding in a sleeve that is pivoted to, and loosely embraces, the handle. Pressure on the handle increases the grip. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

‖n. [ Gr. &unr_; a trench + enchyma, as in parenchyma. ] (Bot.) Same as Bothrenchyma. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Trenched p. pr. & vb. n. Trenching. ] [ OF. trenchier to cut, F. trancher; akin to Pr. trencar, trenchar, Sp. trinchar, It. trinciare; of uncertain origin. ] 1. To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, or the like. [ 1913 Webster ]

The wide wound that the boar had trenched
In his soft flank. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

This weak impress of love is as a figure
Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat
Dissolves to water, and doth lose its form. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Fort.) To fortify by cutting a ditch, and raising a rampart or breastwork with the earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

No more shall trenching war channel her fields. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To cut furrows or ditches in; as, to trench land for the purpose of draining it. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next; as, to trench a garden for certain crops. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. 1. To encroach; to intrench. [ 1913 Webster ]

Does it not seem as if for a creature to challenge to itself a boundless attribute, were to trench upon the prerogative of the divine nature? I. Taylor. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To have direction; to aim or tend. [ R. ] Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

To trench at, to make trenches against; to approach by trenches, as a town in besieging it. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Like powerful armies, trenching at a town
By slow and silent, but resistless, sap. Young. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. trenche, F. tranchée. See Trench, v. t. ] 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as, a trench for draining land. Mortimer. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. An alley; a narrow path or walk cut through woods, shrubbery, or the like. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

In a trench, forth in the park, goeth she. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Fort.) An excavation made during a siege, for the purpose of covering the troops as they advance toward the besieged place. The term includes the parallels and the approaches. [ 1913 Webster ]

To open the trenches (Mil.), to begin to dig or to form the lines of approach. --
Trench cavalier (Fort.), an elevation constructed (by a besieger) of gabions, fascines, earth, and the like, about half way up the glacis, in order to discover and enfilade the covered way. --
Trench plow, or
Trench plough, a kind of plow for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Trenchant. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ OF. trenchant, F. tranchant, p. pr. See Trench, v. t. ] 1. Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp. “ Trenchant was the blade.” Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Fig.: Keen; biting; severe; as, trenchant wit. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. In a trenchant, or sharp, manner; sharply; severely. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. trencheoir, F. tranchoir, fr. trancher to cut, carve. See Trench, v. t. ] 1. One who trenches; esp., one who cuts or digs ditches. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A large wooden plate or platter, as for table use. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The table; hence, the pleasures of the table; food. [ 1913 Webster ]

It could be no ordinary declension of nature that could bring some men, after an ingenuous education, to place their “summum bonum” upon their trenchers. South. [ 1913 Webster ]

Trencher cap, the cap worn by studens at Oxford and Cambridge Universities, having a stiff, flat, square appendage at top. A similar cap used in the United States is called Oxford cap, mortar board, etc. --
Trencher fly, a person who haunts the tables of others; a parasite. [ R. ] L'Estrange. --
Trencher friend, one who frequents the tables of others; a sponger. --
Trencher mate, a table companion; a parasite; a trencher fly. Hooker. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Trencher-men [ 1913 Webster ]

1. A feeder; a great eater; a gormandizer. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A cook. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The skillfulest trencher-men of Media. Sir P. Sidney. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A table companion; a trencher mate. Thackeray. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A kind of lively dance of a rude, boisterous character. Also, music in triple time appropriate to the dance. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

All the windows in the town dance new trenchmore. Beau. & Fl. [ 1913 Webster ]