n. 1. (Palaeontology) the evolutionary generation of multiple specialized life forms from one ancestral form, evidenced in the fossil record. The inverse of extinction. [ PJC ]

{ } a. [ Pref. bi- + radiate. ] Having two rays; as, a biradiate fin. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To converge to one point or focus, as light or rays. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A conjunction or concentration of rays in one point. Bacom [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Pref. di- + radiation. ] The emission and diffusion of rays of light. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Eradiated p. pr. & vb. n. Eradiating ] [ Pref. e- + radiate. ] To shoot forth, as rays of light; to beam; to radiate. Dr. H. More. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Emission of radiance. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Infra- + red. ] (Physics) electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of between 700 nanometers and 1 millimeter. Infrared radiation is that electromagnetic radiation lying between the visible spectrum and the longest microwaves. It may be absorbed by matter in a manner specific to the absorbing substance, causing increased vibration of molecules. The infrared absorption spectrum of a chemical compound is often very specific, and the infrared absorption spectrum is therefore used to help identify chemical substances. Infrared radiation is used in certain communication devices, such as television remote controls and communication devices between computers or between computers and peripherals. [ PJC ]

n. rays of rapidly moving subatomic particles, x-reys, or gamma rays, sufficiently energetic to cause ionization when absorbed by matter. Such radiation is emitted by radioactive elements, or may be generated by highly energetic physical processes, as in stars. When absorbed by living tissue, ionizing radiation can cause mutation, cellular damage, or death. [ PJC ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Irradiated p. pr. & vb. n. Irradiating ] [ L. irradiatus, p. p. of irradiate. See In- in, and Radiate. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster. [ 1913 Webster ]

Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields. Sir W. Jones. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind. Bp. Bull. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To animate by heat or light. Sir M. Hale. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To radiate, shed, or diffuse. [ 1913 Webster ]

A splendid façade, . . . irradiating hospitality. H. James. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. To expose to radiation of any kind, especially ionizing radiation; as, to sterilize food by irradiating it with gamma rays; one can cause mutations in bacteria by irradiating them with ultraviolet light. [ PJC ]

v. i. To emit rays; to shine. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. irradiatus, p. p. ] Illuminated; irradiated. Mason. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. irradiation. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated; as, irradiation of foods with X-rays can preserve their freshness by killing the bacteria that cause spoilage . [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

2. Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Fig.: Mental light or illumination. Sir M. Hale. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Opt.) The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. An Indian macaque with a bonnetlike tuft of hair.
Syn. -- bonnet macaque, bonnet monkey, capped macaque, crown monkey. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

a. [ Multi- + radiate. ] Having many rays. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Octo- + radiated. ] Having eight rays. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. pl. [ NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See Radiate. ] (Zool.) An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ It includes the cœlenterates and the echinoderms. Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was considered one of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Radiated p. pr. & vb. n. Radiating. ] [ L. radiatus, p. p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or rays, to radiate, fr. radius ray. See Radius, Ray a divergent line. ] 1. To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine. [ 1913 Webster ]

Virtues shine more clear
In them [ kings ], and radiate like the sun at noon. Howell. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat. [ 1913 Webster ]

Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. 1. To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; as, to radiate heat. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to irradiate. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. radiatus, p. p. ] 1. Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; as, a radiate crystal. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Bot.) Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Zool.) Belonging to the Radiata. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Zool.) One of the Radiata. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as, radiated heat. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; as, a radiated structure; a radiated group of crystals. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Zool.) Belonging to the Radiata. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. (Bot.) Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. (Bot.) Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower. Gray. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. radiatio: cf. F. radiation. ] 1. The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Capable of radiating; acting by radiation. Tyndall. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a steam radiator. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Any of various devices for cooling an internal substance by radiation, as a system of rings on a gun barrel for cooling it, or a nest of tubes with large radiating surface for cooling circulating water, as in an automobile. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

3. (Wireless Teleg.) An oscillator. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

a. [ Sex- + radiate. ] (Zool.) Having six rays; -- said of certain sponge spicules. See Illust. of Spicule. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ , a. [ Pref. tri- + radiate. ] Having three rays. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Uni- + radiated. ] Having but one ray. [ 1913 Webster ]