n. [ L. ab + E. articulation : cf. F. abarticulation. See Article. ] (Anat.) Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis. Coxe. [ 1913 Webster ]

. (Physics & Chem.) a particle emitted at high velocity from certain radioactive substances. It is identical to the helium nucleus, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. Rays of such particles are called alpha rays. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC ]

a. [ Gr. 'anakaqartiko`s, fr. 'anakaqai`rein to cleanse upward, i. e., by vomiting; 'ana` + kaqai`rein. See Cathartic. ] 1. (Med.) Producing vomiting or expectoration. [ archaic ] [ 1913 Webster + AS ]

n. (Med.) An anacathartic medicine; an expectorant or an emetic. [ archaic ] [ 1913 Webster + AS ]

n. (Physics) A fundamental particle which has the same mass as one of the common fundamental particles, but which has an opposite charge, and for which certain other of the properties (e. g. baryon number, strangeness) may be opposite to that of the normal particle. The antiparticle to an electron is called a positron; the antiparticle to a proton is called an antiproton; the antiparticle to a neutron is called an antineutron. When a particle and its corresponding antiparticle collide, they typically annihilate each other with the production of large quantities of energy, usually in the form of radiation. The interaction of a proton and antiproton cause annihilation with production of mesons. [ PJC ]

a. [ Gr. &unr_; even, fr. &unr_; exactly. ] (Chem.) Even; not odd; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of which is divisible by two without a remainder. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ It. articiocco, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco, archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp. alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar. al-harshaf, al-kharshūf. ] (Bot.) 1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. See Jerusalem artichoke. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., fr. L. articulus, dim. of artus joint, akin to Gr. &unr_;, fr. a root ar to join, fit. See Art, n. ] 1. A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various topics; as, an article in the Constitution. Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement; as, articles of agreement. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

A very great revolution that happened in this article of good breeding. Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

This last article will hardly be believed. De Foe. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. A distinct part. “Upon each article of human duty.” Paley. “Each article of time.” Habington. [ 1913 Webster ]

The articles which compose the blood. E. Darwin. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. A particular one of various things; as, an article of merchandise; salt is a necessary article. [ 1913 Webster ]

They would fight not for articles of faith, but for articles of food. Landor. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. Precise point of time; moment. [ Obs. or Archaic ] [ 1913 Webster ]

This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the article of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his prejudice. Evelyn. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Gram.) One of the three words, a, an, the, used before nouns to limit or define their application. A (or an) is called the indefinite article, the the definite article. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. (Zool.) One of the segments of an articulated appendage. [ 1913 Webster ]

Articles of Confederation, the compact which was first made by the original thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789. --
Articles of impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a common criminal case. --
Articles of war, rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better government of the army. --
In the article of death [ L. in articulo mortis ], at the moment of death; in the dying struggle. --
Lords of the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws. --
The Thirty-nine Articles, statements (thirty-nine in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Articled p. pr. & vb. n. Articling ] [ Cf. F. articuler, fr. L. articulare. See Article, n., Articulate. ] 1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars. [ 1913 Webster ]

If all his errors and follies were articled against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable. Jer. Taylor. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. [ 1913 Webster ]

He shall be articled against in the high court of admiralty. Stat. 33 Geo. III. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Then he articled with her that he should go away when he pleased. Selden. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Bound by articles; apprenticed; as, an articled clerk. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. articularis: cf. F. articulaire. See Article, n. ] Of or pertaining to the joints; as, an articular disease; an articular process. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. In an articular or an articulate manner. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } n. (Anat.) A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. pl. [ Neut. pl. from L. articulatus furnished with joints, distinct, p. p. of articulare. See Article, v. ] (Zool.) 1. One of the four subkingdoms in the classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later writers. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ It includes those Invertebrata having the body composed of a series of ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the unsegmented worms (helminths) have also been included; by others it is restricted to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with the Annulosa of some authors. The chief subdivisions are Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda, Malacopoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the Annelida and allied forms. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda, including those that have the shells united by a hinge. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A subdivision of the Crinoidea. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. articulatus. See Articulata. ] 1. Expressed in articles or in separate items or particulars. [ Archaic ] Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of segments united by joints; as, articulate animals or plants. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables; as, articulate speech, sounds, words. [ 1913 Webster ]

Total changes of party and articulate opinion. Carlyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Zool.) An animal of the subkingdom Articulata. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Articulated p. pr. & vb. n. Articulating . 1. To utter articulate sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to enunciate; to speak distinctly. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To treat or make terms. [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To join or be connected by articulation. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. 1. To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints or at the joints. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To draw up or write in separate articles; to particularize; to specify. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; as, to articulate letters or language. “To articulate a word.” Ray. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To express distinctly; to give utterance to. [ 1913 Webster ]

Luther articulated himself upon a process that hand already begun in the Christian church. Bibliotheca Sacra. [ 1913 Webster ]

To . . . articulate the dumb, deep want of the people. Carlyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; as, an articulated skeleton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the organs of speech; pronounced. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. 1. After the manner, or in the form, of a joint. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Article by article; in distinct particulars; in detail; definitely. Paley. [ 1913 Webster ]

I had articulately set down in writing our points. Fuller. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. With distinct utterance of the separate sounds. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Quality of being articulate. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Latin. ] (anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton especially if the articulatio allows motion.
Syn. -- joint, articulation. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ Cf. F. articulation, fr. L. articulatio. ] 1. (Anat.) A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Bot.) (a) The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods. (b) One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize. (c) One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc. Lindley. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of parts in a joint. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. The state of being jointed; connection of parts. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

That definiteness and articulation of imagery. Coleridge. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; as, a distinct articulation. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Of or pertaining to articulation. Bush. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who, or that which, articulates; as: (a) One who enunciates distinctly. (b) One who prepares and mounts skeletons. (c) An instrument to cure stammering. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖pos>n.; pl. Articuli [ L. See Article. ] (Zool.) A joint of the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod appendage. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. ars, artis, art + facere, factum, to make. ] 1. (Archæol.) A product of human workmanship; -- applied esp. to the simpler products of aboriginal art as distinguished from natural objects.
Syn. -- artefact. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

2. Any product of human workmanship; -- applied both to objects made for practical purposes as well as works of art. It is contrasted to natural object, i.e. anything produced by natural forces without the intervention of man.
Syn. -- artefact. [ PJC ]

3. (Biol.) A structure or appearance in protoplasm due to death, method of preparation of specimens, or the use of reagents, and not present during life.
Syn. -- artefact. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

4. (Technology) an object, oservation, phenomenon, or result arising from hidden or unexpected causes extraneous to the subject of a study, and therefore spurious and having potential to lead one to an erroneous conclusion, or to invalidate the study. In experimental science, artifacts may arise due to inadvertant contamination of equipment, faulty experimental design or faulty analysis, or unexpected effects of agencies not known to affect the system under study.
Syn. -- artefact. [ PJC ]

adj. 1. 1 same as artefactual.
Syn. -- artefactual [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ L. artificium, fr. artifex artificer; ars, artis, art + facere to make: cf. F. artifice. ] 1. A handicraft; a trade; art of making. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work. [ 1913 Webster ]

The material universe . . . in the artifice of God, the artifice of the best Mechanist. Cudworth. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Artful or skillful contrivance. [ 1913 Webster ]

His [ Congreve's ] plots were constructed without much artifice. Craik. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or elaborate trick. [ Now the usual meaning. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous artifices for the purpose of averting inquiry. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. artificier, fr. LL. artificiarius. ] 1. An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind, as a silversmith. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor, or framer. “Artificer of fraud.” Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

The great Artificer of all that moves. Cowper. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A cunning or artful fellow. [ Obs. ] B. Jonson. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Mil.) A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Artisan; artist. See Artisan. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See Artifice. ] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. [ 1913 Webster ]

Artificial strife
Lives in these touches, livelier than life. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. “Artificial tears.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. Gibbon. [ 1913 Webster ]

Artificial arguments (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. Johnson. --
Artificial classification (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, “the artificial system” in botany, which is the same as the Linnæan system. --
Artificial horizon. See under Horizon.
Artificial light, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. --
Artificial lines, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. --
Artificial numbers, logarithms. --
Artificial person (Law). See under Person. --
Artificial sines,
tangents, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. Hutton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is artificial. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To render artificial. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. 1. In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by nature. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Ingeniously; skillfully. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The spider's web, finely and artificially wrought. Tillotson. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Craftily; artfully. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Sharp dissembled so artificially. Bp. Burnet. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The quality of being artificial. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. artificiosus. ] Artificial. [ Obs. ] Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To make resemble. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art instead of artilizing nature. Bolingbroke. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A person skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F. artillerie great guns, ordnance; OF. artillier to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob. from L. ars, artis, skill in joining something, art. See Art. ] 1. Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad. 1 Sam. xx. 40. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns, mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages, balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The word is sometimes used in a more extended sense, including the powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses, that belong to a train of artillery. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The men and officers of that branch of the army to which the care and management of artillery are confided. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. The science of artillery or gunnery. Campbell. [ 1913 Webster ]

Artillery park, or
Park of artillery. (a) A collective body of siege or field artillery, including the guns, and the carriages, ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for working them. (b) The place where the artillery is encamped or collected. --
Artillery train, or
Train of artillery, a number of pieces of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready for marching. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A man who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing. [ 1913 Webster ]

. A kind of heavily built dished wheel with a long axle box, used on gun carriages, usually having 14 spokes and 7 felloes; hence, a wheel of similar construction for use on automobiles, etc. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. 1. placental mammal having hooves with an even number of functional toes on each foot; a member of the artiodactyla.
Syn. -- artiodactyle, even-toed ungulate, artiodactyl mammal [ WordNet 1.5 ]

adj. of, pertaining to, or belonging to the order Artiodactyla.
Syn. -- artiodactylous, even-toed. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

‖n. pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. &unr_; even + &unr_; finger or toe. ] (Zool.) One of the divisions of the ungulate animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number, and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit, as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; -- opposed to Perissodactyla. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Zool.) One of the Artiodactyla.
Syn. -- artiodactyl, even-toed ungulate, artiodactyl mammal. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. (Zool.) Even-toed. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. artisan, fr. L. artitus skilled in arts, fr. ars, artis, art: cf. It. artigiano. See Art, n. ] 1. One who professes and practices some liberal art; an artist. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic. [ 1913 Webster ]

This is willingly submitted to by the artisan, who can . . . compensate his additional toil and fatigue. Hume. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Artificer; artist. -- Artisan, Artist, Artificer. An artist is one who is skilled in some one of the fine arts; an artisan is one who exercises any mechanical employment. A portrait painter is an artist; a sign painter is an artisan, although he may have the taste and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An artificer is one who requires power of contrivance and adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches to the term artisan, nor the ideas of refinement and of peculiar skill which belong to the term artist. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. artiste, LL. artista, fr. L. ars. See Art, n., and cf. Artiste. ] 1. One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast,
Instruct the articles and reward their. Waller. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who professes and practices an art in which science and taste preside over the manual execution. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The term is particularly applied to painters, sculptors, musicians, engravers, and architects. Elmes. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any manual art or occupation. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. An artful person; a schemer. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Artisan. See Artisan. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ F. See Artist. ] One peculiarly dexterous and tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a hairdresser, a cook. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ This term should not be confounded with the English word artist. [ 1913 Webster ]