ติดโพย (PopThai)

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Pronunciation

それでも、苦痛(くつう)というものがどのような脳(のう)のプロセスで引き起こさ(ひきおこさ)れるのかということについての科学(かがく)的(てき)な説明(せつめい)がやはり必要(ひつよう)である。

Vocabulary List

それでも (其れでも) (conj) (uk) but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding; (P) [EDICT] 苦痛 (くつう) (adj-na,n,adj-no) pain; agony; bitterness; (P) [EDICT] という (と言う) (exp) (uk) said; called thus [EDICT] もの () (prt) but; although; (P) [EDICT] () (conj,prt) (usu. at sentence end) although (with nuance of strong discontent); but; even though; I wish .... [EDICT] が () (prt) (positive sentence end) I dare say; (negative sentence end) though, honestly [EDICT] () (suf,v5r) (1) to feel (on adj-stem to represent a third party's apparent emotion); (2) to behave as if one were [EDICT] () (n) scree [EDICT] () (adv-to) (1) (on-mim) thump; thud (dull sound representing something being hit); (2) severe; difficult; hard [EDICT] (我) (n) (1) {Buddh} obstinacy; (2) atman; the self; the ego [EDICT] (画) (n) picture; drawing; painting; sketch [EDICT] (蛾) (n) moth [EDICT] (賀) (n) (See 賀の祝) congratulation [EDICT] (雅) (n,adj-na) (1) (ant [EDICT] どの (何の) (adj-pn) (uk) (See 此の,其の・1,彼の) which; what (way); (P) [EDICT] (殿) (suf) (pol) form of address used for official letters and business letters, and in letters to inferiors; Mr; (P) [EDICT] よう () (exp) (volitional form of verb + ga) regardless of; whether (or not) [EDICT] () (adj-pn) (See 様だ) like; similar to [EDICT] () (exp) (1) in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); (2) hoping or wishing for something; (P) [EDICT] () (int) alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay; (P) [EDICT] (酔う) (v5u,vi) to get drunk; to become intoxicated; (P) [EDICT] (様) (n-suf,n) (1) (uk) (See 様だ) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) appearing ...; looking ...; (2) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) way to ...; method of ...ing; (3) (usu. after a noun) form; style; design; (4) (usu. after a noun) like; similar to; (n) (5) thing (thought or spoken); (P) [EDICT] (用) (n,n-suf) (1) task; business; (2) use; duty; service; (3) (See 用を足す) call of nature; excretion; (P) [EDICT] (葉) (suf,ctr) (1) counter for leaves, pieces of paper, etc.; (2) (arch) counter for boats [EDICT] (要) (n) (1) cornerstone; main point; keystone; (2) requirement; need; (adj-f) (3) necessary; required [EDICT] (陽) (n) (1) (ant [EDICT] (良う) (adv) (1) (uk) (See 良く・1) well; properly; skillfully; (2) (See 良く・2) often [EDICT] (善う) (adv) (1) (uk) (See 良く・1) well; properly; skillfully; (2) (See 良く・2) often [EDICT] (能う) (adv) (1) (uk) (See 良く・1) well; properly; skillfully; (2) (See 良く・2) often [EDICT] (杳) (adj-t,adv-to) (See 杳として) dark; ununderstood; unknown [EDICT] (癰) (n) (uk) carbuncle [EDICT] だ () (prt) (1) (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs) -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); (2) (used adverbially) doing such things as...; (3) (as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb) expresses a command; (aux-v) (4) (たり only) (arch) (from とあり) (See たる) (after a noun) to be; (5) (たり only) (arch) (from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb) indicates completion or continuation of an action; (P) [EDICT] () (prt) (1) (fam) marks wh-question (what, where, who); (2) (chn) strengthens one's judgment or conclusion; (P) [EDICT] () (exp) if it's the case; (P) [EDICT] () (prt) even [EDICT] () (suf,prt) and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not; (P) [EDICT] () (exp) (1) (See でしょう) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder; I hope; (2) don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; (P) [EDICT] () (n) (col) (abbr) (See 友達) friend [EDICT] () (n) undercut (of a machined edge) [EDICT] (駄) (pref) (1) (See 駄文・1) poor; low-grade; trivial; insignificant; worthless; (n-suf,ctr) (2) (See 一駄) load; pack; horse load; (n) (3) packhorse [EDICT] (兌) (n) dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching [EDICT] 脳 (のう) (n) (1) brain; (2) brains; mind; (P) [EDICT] (なずき) (n) (arch) brain; skull; head [EDICT] (nǎo, ㄋㄠˇ) Japanese variant of 腦|脑 [CE-DICT] の () (prt) endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle); lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle) [EDICT] () (prt) (1) although; when; and yet; despite this; in spite of; even though; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless; for all that; notwithstanding that; (2) while; (3) if only; I wish; (4) I tell you; you should do; (5) in order to; (P) [EDICT] () (suf,prt) (literary equiv. of だけ) only; nothing but; (P) [EDICT] () (n) (See スラグ) slag [EDICT] (乃) (prt) (1) (uk) (occasionally ん) indicates possessive; (2) verb and adjective nominalizer (nominaliser); (3) substituting for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (4) (often ん) indicates a confident conclusion; (5) emotional emphasis (sentence end) (fem); (6) indicates question (sentence end); (P) [EDICT] (之) (prt) (arch) possessive (used on tombs, etc.) [EDICT] (幅) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT] (布) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT] (箆) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT] (篦) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT] で () (aux) (abbr) (arch) (See である) to be [EDICT] () (n) (sl) detective [EDICT] () (aux) (pol) (See だ・1) polite copula in Japanese; (P) [EDICT] () (conj,int) (See それでは) then; well; so; well then; (P) [EDICT] () (conj) (1) but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; (prt) (2) even; (3) however; no matter how; even if; even though; (4) ... or something; (5) (as 〜でも〜でも) either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...; (pref) (6) (before an occupation, etc.) pseudo-; quack; in-name-only; (7) (before an occupation, etc.) (See でもしか) for lack of anything better to do; (P) [EDICT] (出) (n,n-suf) (1) coming out; going out; outflow; efflux; rising (of the sun or moon); (2) attending (work); appearing (on stage); one's turn to go on; (3) start; beginning; (4) origins; background; person (or item) originating from ...; graduate of ...; native of ...; member of ... (lineage); (5) architectural member that projects outward; (6) highest point of the stern of a ship; (7) (uk) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb as 〜出がある or 〜出がない, etc.) amount (comprising something); amount of time or effort required to do something; (P) [EDICT] 引き起こす (ひきおこす) (v5s,vt) to cause; to induce; (P) [EDICT] れる () (aux-v,v, ) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形,迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions [EDICT] か () (n) cawing (of a crow) [EDICT] () (prt) (fam) marks yes-no question; (P) [EDICT] () (prt) (1) (ksb [EDICT] () (prt) interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; (P) [EDICT] () (prt) (abbr) (See かもしれない) may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly [EDICT] () (prt) (See か,よ) sentence-ending particle expressing doubt [EDICT] () (prt) (1) from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; (2) from (originator); (3) because; (4) out of (constituent, part); (5) through (e.g. window, vestibule); (6) after; since (following te-form verb); (P) [EDICT] (下) (suf) under (being in said condition or environment) [EDICT] (化) (suf) (See 化する) action of making something; -ification [EDICT] (佳) (adj-na,n) beautiful; good; excellent [EDICT] (加) (n) (1) addition; increase; (2) (abbr) (See 加奈陀) Canada; (P) [EDICT] (可) (n,n-suf) passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair; (P) [EDICT] (夏) (n) Xia (dynasty of China; perhaps mythological) [EDICT] (家) (suf) (See 政治家) -ist (used after a noun indicating someone's occupation, pursuits, disposition, etc.); -er [EDICT] (科) (n,n-suf) (1) department; section; (2) (taxonomical) family; (P) [EDICT] (果) (n) (1) {Buddh} (See 因・2) phala (attained state, result); (2) {Buddh} (See 悟り・2) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); (3) (See 果物) fruit; (ctr) (4) counter for pieces of fruit [EDICT] (架) (n) unit of equipment; rack [EDICT] (火) (n) (1) (abbr) (See 火曜) Tuesday; (2) (See 五行・1) fire (second of the five elements) [EDICT] (荷) (suf,ctr) counter for loads (that can be carried on one's shoulders) [EDICT] (菓) (n) (1) (arch) fruit; (suf,ctr) (2) counter for fruit [EDICT] (課) (n,n-suf) (1) lesson; (2) section (in an organization); division; department; (ctr) (3) counter for lessons and chapters (of a book); (P) [EDICT] (過) (pref) (1) surplus- (attaches to start of Sino-Japanese words); excess-; over-; (2) per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents) [EDICT] (蚊) (n) mosquito; (P) [EDICT] (香) (n) smell (esp. a good smell); fragrance; scent; aroma; perfume [EDICT] (日) (n-suf) (1) day of month; (ctr) (2) counter for days [EDICT] (戈) (n) ge (ancient Chinese dagger-axe) [EDICT] (顆) (n) (1) condyle; (ctr) (2) (arch) counter for grains and small spheres [EDICT] と () (prt,conj) among other things; such things as; or something like that; (P) [EDICT] () (n) regular (stops at every station) Jouetsu-line Shinkansen [EDICT] () (prt) (1) even; (2) even if; even though; (3) because of; on the grounds that [EDICT] () (prt) indicates word or phrase being defined; (P) [EDICT] () (n) (sl) last (in a contest) [EDICT] () (prt) (1) certainly; of course; to be sure; surely; (2) even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); though; although; (3) (with neg. verb) without even; without so much as; (4) (after an adverb) (See 遅くとも) at the (least, earliest, etc.); (5) (sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と) (See と・1,と・2,と・3,と・4) emphatic particle; (P) [EDICT] () (v5r) (equiv. of -ている indicating continuing action as a verb ending; poss. contraction of -て ending + おる auxiliary verb) is being [EDICT] () (n) fatty, more expensive tuna meat; (P) [EDICT] () (adv-to,adv) (on-mim) tap; knock; bonk [EDICT] (戸) (n) (1) (戸 only) (See 扉) door (esp. Japanese-style); (2) (arch) entrance (to a home); (3) (arch) narrows; (P) [EDICT] (門) (n) (1) (戸 only) (See 扉) door (esp. Japanese-style); (2) (arch) entrance (to a home); (3) (arch) narrows; (P) [EDICT] (人) (suf) person [EDICT] (徒) (n) party; set; gang [EDICT] (斗) (n) (1) (obs) to (measure of volume, approx. 18 litres); (2) (See 枡形) square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); (3) (See 二十八宿) Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (P) [EDICT] (途) (n) way; (P) [EDICT] (都) (n,adj-no) metropolitan; municipal [EDICT] こと () (adv-to) (on-mim) clunk; thump [EDICT] (古都) (n) ancient city; former capital; (P) [EDICT] (糊塗) (n,vs) covering up; glossing over [EDICT] について (について) เกี่ยวกับ เช่น ぎじゅつ についてเกี่ยวกับเทคโนโลยี [LongdoJP] (に就いて) (exp) (uk) concerning; along; under; per [EDICT] (に就て) (exp) (uk) concerning; along; under; per [EDICT] (に付いて) (exp) (uk) concerning; along; under; per [EDICT] 科学 (かがく) (n) science; (P) [EDICT] (kē xué, ㄎㄜ ㄒㄩㄝˊ) science; scientific knowledge; scientific [CE-DICT] 的 (てき) (adj-na,suf) -like; typical; (P) [EDICT] (まと) (n) mark; target; (P) [EDICT] (de, ㄉㄜ˙) of; structural particle: used before a noun, linking it to preceding possessive or descriptive attributive [CE-DICT] (dí, ㄉㄧˊ) really and truly [CE-DICT] (dì, ㄉㄧˋ) aim; clear [CE-DICT] 説明 (せつめい) (n,vs,adj-no) explanation; exposition; (P) [EDICT] 必要 (ひつよう) ความจำเป็น,สิ่งที่ต้องการ [LongdoJP] (ひつよう) (adj-na) (1) necessary; needed; essential; indispensable; (n) (2) necessity; need; requirement; (P) [EDICT] (bì yào, ㄅㄧˋ ㄧㄠˋ) necessary; essential; indispensable; required [CE-DICT] ある (或) (adj-pn) (uk) a certain ...; some ...; (P) [EDICT] (或る) (adj-pn) (uk) a certain ...; some ...; (P) [EDICT] (在る) (v5r-i,vi) (1) (uk) (See 居る・いる・1) to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to exist; to live; (2) to have; (3) to be located; (4) to be equipped with; (5) to happen; to come about; (P) [EDICT]