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| voluntary | (วอล'เลินทะรี) adj. สมัครใจ, ตั้งใจ, โดยเจตนา, โดยอาสาสมัคร, อิสระ, มีอิสระในการเลือก, เกิดขึ้นเอง, โดยธรรมชาติ. n. กิจกรรมอาสาสมัคร, ดนตรีโหมโรง., See also: voluntarily adv. voluntaryism n. voluntaryist n., Syn. optional, f | involuntary | (อินวอล'ลันเทอรี) adj. ไม่ได้ตั้งใจ, ไม่รู้ตัว, ไม่ได้บังคับ, โดยอัตโนมัติ., See also: involuntarily adv. involuntariness n. |
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| voluntary | (adj) สมัครใจ, โดยเจตนา, จงใจ, เกิดขึ้นเอง | involuntary | (adj) ไม่ได้ตั้งใจ, ไม่รู้ตัว, อัตโนมัติ |
| | Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs) | การจำกัดการส่งออกด้วยความสมัครใจ, Example: การจำกัดการส่งออกซึ่งสินค้าในประเทศ ผู้ผลิตโดยความสมัครใจ เพื่อป้องกันการใช้มาตรการทางการค้าต่างๆ ที่ประเทศผู้นำเข้าอาจนำมาใช้ มีความหมายเช่นเดียวกับข้อตกลงจำกัดการส่งออก (ดู Export Restraint Agreement) [สิ่งแวดล้อม] | Voluntary Separation | การแยกโดยอาสาสมัคร, Example: การแยกส่วนประกอบของของเสีย (มักจะเป็นจากอาคารบ้านเรือน) เช่น ขวด กระป๋อง อาหาร และเครื่องดื่ม หนังสือพิมพ์ โดยบุคคลหรือกลุ่มบุคคลที่แหล่งกำเนิด (บ้าน) หรือที่ศูนย์เก็บในท้องถิ่น [สิ่งแวดล้อม] |
| | | | | โดยสมัครใจ | [dōi samakjai] (adj) EN: voluntary FR: volontaire | การจงใจละทิ้ง | [kān jongjai lathing] (n, exp) EN: voluntary abandonment | การเลิกกิจการโดยสมัครใจ | [kān loēk kitjakān dōi samakjai] (n, exp) EN: voluntary winding-up FR: fermeture volontaire [ f ] | ผู้สูบบุหรี่มือสอง | [phū sūp burī meūsøng] (n, exp) EN: passive smoker ; involuntary smoker ; secondhand smoker FR: fumeur passif [ m ] | สารกรมธรรม์ | [sānkrommathan] (n) EN: contract of voluntary slavery | ตกลงปลงใจ | [toklong plongjai] (v, exp) EN: be voluntary ; decide ; make up one's mind | เยี่ยวแตก | [yīo taēk] (x) EN: involuntary passing of urine |
| | | | | 有志 | [ゆうし, yuushi] (n, adj-no) voluntary; volunteer; sympathizer; sympathiser; (P) #11,521 [Add to Longdo] | ボランタリーチェーン | [borantari-chie-n] (n) voluntary chain [Add to Longdo] | 運動皮質 | [うんどうひしつ, undouhishitsu] (n) motor cortex (area of the brain just anterior to the central sulcus responsible for controlling voluntary muscle activity) [Add to Longdo] | 過失致死 | [かしつちし, kashitsuchishi] (n) involuntary manslaughter; accidental homicide; negligent homicide; (P) [Add to Longdo] | 過失致死罪 | [かしつちしざい, kashitsuchishizai] (n) involuntary manslaughter; accidental homicide [Add to Longdo] | 眼球振盪 | [がんきゅうしんとう, gankyuushintou] (n) (See 眼振) nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movements) [Add to Longdo] | 眼振 | [がんしん, ganshin] (n, adj-no) (abbr) (See 眼球振盪) nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movements) [Add to Longdo] | 希望退職 | [きぼうたいしょく, kiboutaishoku] (n) voluntary retirement [Add to Longdo] | 強制解散 | [きょうせいかいさん, kyouseikaisan] (n) compulsory winding-up; winding-up by a court; compulsory liquidation; involuntary dissolution [Add to Longdo] | 歯噛み | [はがみ, hagami] (n, vs) grinding of the teeth; involuntary nocturnal tooth grinding [Add to Longdo] |
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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Voluntary \Vol"un*ta*ry\, a. [L. voluntarius, fr. voluntas will,
choice, from the root of velle to will, p. pr. volens; akin
to E. will: cf. F. volontaire, Of. also voluntaire. See
{Will}, v. t., and cf. {Benevolent}, {Volition},
{Volunteer}.]
1. Proceeding from the will; produced in or by an act of
choice.
[1913 Webster]
That sin or guilt pertains exclusively to voluntary
action is the true principle of orthodoxy. --N. W.
Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
2. Unconstrained by the interference of another; unimpelled
by the influence of another; not prompted or persuaded by
another; done of his or its own accord; spontaneous;
acting of one's self, or of itself; free.
[1913 Webster]
Our voluntary service he requires. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
She fell to lust a voluntary prey. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
3. Done by design or intention; intentional; purposed;
intended; not accidental; as, if a man kills another by
lopping a tree, it is not voluntary manslaughter.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the will; subject to, or
regulated by, the will; as, the voluntary motions of an
animal, such as the movements of the leg or arm (in
distinction from involuntary motions, such as the
movements of the heart); the voluntary muscle fibers,
which are the agents in voluntary motion.
[1913 Webster]
5. Endowed with the power of willing; as, man is a voluntary
agent.
[1913 Webster]
God did not work as a necessary, but a voluntary,
agent, intending beforehand, and decreeing with
himself, that which did outwardly proceed from him.
--Hooker.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Law) Free; without compulsion; according to the will,
consent, or agreement, of a party; without consideration;
gratuitous; without valuable consideration.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to voluntaryism; as, a voluntary
church, in distinction from an established or state
church.
[1913 Webster]
{Voluntary affidavit} or {Voluntary oath} (Law), an affidavit
or oath made in an extrajudicial matter.
{Voluntary conveyance} (Law), a conveyance without valuable
consideration.
{Voluntary escape} (Law), the escape of a prisoner by the
express consent of the sheriff.
{Voluntary jurisdiction}. (Eng. Eccl. Law) See {Contentious
jurisdiction}, under {Contentious}.
{Voluntary waste}. (Law) See {Waste}, n., 4.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: See {Spontaneous}.
[1913 Webster]
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Voluntary \Vol"un*ta*ry\, n.; pl. {Voluntaries}.
1. One who engages in any affair of his own free will; a
volunteer. [R.] --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Mus.) A piece played by a musician, often extemporarily,
according to his fancy; specifically, an organ solo played
before, during, or after divine service.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Eccl.) One who advocates voluntaryism.
[1913 Webster]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
voluntary
adj 1: of your own free will or design; done by choice; not
forced or compelled; "man is a voluntary agent";
"participation was voluntary"; "voluntary manslaughter";
"voluntary generosity in times of disaster"; "voluntary
social workers"; "a voluntary confession" [ant:
{involuntary}, {nonvoluntary}, {unvoluntary}]
2: controlled by individual volition; "voluntary motions";
"voluntary muscles" [ant: {involuntary}]
n 1: (military) a person who freely enlists for service [syn:
{volunteer}, {military volunteer}, {voluntary}] [ant:
{conscript}, {draftee}, {inductee}]
2: composition (often improvised) for a solo instrument
(especially solo organ) and not a regular part of a religious
service or musical performance
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