From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See {Methylene}.] (Chem.)
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, {CH3-}, not existing alone
but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and
appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl
alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written
also {methule}, {methyle}, etc.]
[1913 Webster]
{Methyl alcohol} (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable
liquid, {CH3.OH}, obtained by the distillation of wood,
and hence called {wood alcohol} or {wood spirit};
tecnically referred to as {methanol}; -- called also
{methol}, {carbinol}, etc.
{Methyl amine} (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline
gas, {CH3.NH2}, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is
produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in
herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as
ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by
methyl, and is a type of the class of substituted
ammonias.
{Methyl ether} (Chem.), a light, volatile ether {CH3.O.CH3},
obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; --
called also {methyl oxide} or {dimethyl ether}.
{Methyl green}. (Chem.) See under {Green}, n.
{Methyl orange}. (Chem.) See {Helianthin}.
{Methyl violet} (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of
certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.
[1913 Webster]
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool,
formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony,
galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of
antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was
afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown
in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. {Alquifou}.]
1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
[1913 Webster]
3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit
(called also {ethyl alcohol} or {ethanol}, {CH3.CH2.OH});
the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or
distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it
in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple
distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions
of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous
fermentation.
Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition
of brewer's yeast, {Saccharomyces cerevisiae} to an
aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.]
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop[oe]ia," alcohol
contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9
per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit)
contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and
54.5 per cent of water.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic
alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are
hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical
ethyl forms common or {ethyl alcohol} ({C2H5.OH}); methyl
forms {methyl alcohol} ({CH3.OH}) or {wood alcohol}; amyl
forms {amyl alcohol} ({C5H11.OH}) or {fusel oil}, etc.
[1913 Webster]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
methyl alcohol
n 1: a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used
as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant
for ethyl alcohol [syn: {methanol}, {methyl alcohol}, {wood
alcohol}, {wood spirit}]
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